Match the questions to the answers.

1) Do you like rock music? a) I don’t read much.

2) How long have you been b) I was born on the first of November.

living here?

 

3) Where do you work? c) Yes, I have. I saw a lion in the Zoo

last spring.

4) Have you travelled to Europe? d) Perhaps, I’ll go to a sports club.

5) Where does your son study? e) I work in a travelling agency.

6) Do you read much? f) I haven’t thought of it yet, I’ll

probably visit my sister in Rio.

7) When is your birthday? g) I work on my computer, swim in my

swimming pool.

8) Did you often get bad marks h) I’ve been living here for 6 years.

when you were a schoolboy?

9) What will you do tomorrow? i) I’ve got a son, he is 13.

10) Are you happy? j) I like all kind of music.

11) Have you got children? k) He attends a boarding school.

12) What do you do in your spare l) Sure, I’ve been to Paris.

time?

13) Have you ever seen a lion? m) I think so.

14) How will you spend your n) Well, I had never got bad marks, I was

summer vacations? a top student in my class.

 

 

Unit 16

Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents

 

значение	Present	Past	Future
	can	could	shall/will be able to
Физическая или умственная способность	I can skate. - Я умею кататься на коньках.	I could skate.- Я мог кататься на коньках.	I’ll be able to skate there.- Я смогу там кататься на коньках.
	may	was/were allowed	shall/will be allowed
Разрешение совершить действие	You may go home.- Вы можете идти домой.	I was allowed to go home.- Я могла идти домой. (Мне разрешили…)	You will be allowed to go home.- Вы сможете идти домой. (Вам разрешат…)
	must	-	-
Моральный долг, долженствование	I must do it.- Я должен это сделать.
	have to/has to	had to	shall/will have to
	I have to help him.- Я вынужден помочь ему.	I had to go there.-Я был вынужден./ Мне пришлось пойти туда.	You will have to go there.- Вам нужно будет./Придется пойти туда.

 

Translate the sentences, explain the ussage of the certain modal verbs

1. The green wire should be connected to terminal 4.

2. You mustn’t turn the machine when the red warning light is on.

3. This lever can be up or down.

4. We can recycle old products to make new ones.

5. The red switch has to be on.

6. A rheostat is a resistor whose resistance value may be varied.

7. That morning he had to leave his car at home.

8. You can’t ride a motobike with no helmet.

9. Metals are important in industry because they can be easily deformed into useful

shapes.

 

Choose the right modal verb

1.For each new product the producing equipment... reprogrammed and

changed over.

a) must be c) can be

b) may be d) should be

2.The applications of robots... divided into three categories.

a) must be c) may be

b) had be d) should be

3.The petrol engine... develop much power at low speeds

a) can not c) must not

b) ought not to d) may not

4.Despite its diversity, electrical engineering... divided into four main branches.

a) must be c) can be

b) should be d) may be

5.He... finish the work because of the lack of money.

a) had not c) must not

b) could not d) must be

6.Computers... input, calculate, compare, and output data as information.

a) have to c) must

b) can d) may

7.Engineers... know how materials respond to external forces, such as tension,

compression, torsion, bending, and shear.

a) must c) can

b) may d) may be

8.Strength is the force per unit area (stress) that a material... support without

falling.

a) may c) can

b) must d) has to

9.You... to wear a hard hat at this part of the workshop.

a) must c) may

b) have d) can

10.Before you go on the factory tour you...to put on these special clothes and

safety boots.

a) must c) may

b) have d) can

 

Put the verbs into Past Simple. Use the modal verbs and their equivalents

1. He must work hard to finish his experiment.

2. I can devote myself to scientific work.

3.You may repeat this experiment.

4.He must illustrate this law by several experiments.

5.She can study automation in the college.

6.They may carry out these experiments at the laboratory.

 

Put the verbs into Future Simple. Use the modal verbs and their equivalents

1.He must check the temperature three times a day.

2.In this figure you can see a diagram of temperature changes.

3.He may use a barometer to measure the atmospheric pressure.

4.You may use this method in your research.

5.She can do the work in time.

6.They must solve a number of scientific problems.

 

Remember the meaning of following verbs and make up their derivative words, for example: to calculate — calculating, calculator, calculation.

To compute, to invent, to know, to multiply, to divide, to depend, to solve, to provide, to process, to code, to use, to manipulate, to assemble, to connect, to inform, to instruct, to discover, to operate.

Unit 17