Соотнесите английские предложения в правой колонке с соответствующими русскими предложениями из левой колонки. Закрывая попеременно колонки, проверьте друг у друга перевод предложений.

1. Не каждый может работать для общего блага. 2. Юрист – это лицо, чья профессия заключается в том, чтобы подавать судебные иски или консультировать клиентов и действовать от их имени по различным юридическим вопросам. 3. Право – это нормы поведения, установленные государством и применяемые в обществе в форме закона или обычая. 4. Закон – это любая норма или предписание, которым надо следовать. 5. Мы следуем определённым нормам поведения, если принадлежим определённым социальным институтам. 6. Я посоветуюсь с юристом. 7. Она обратилась в суд. 8. Судья отправляет правосудие. 9. Какие факторы повлияли на Ваше решение?

1. The law is the rule of conduct established by a government and applicable to people, whether in the form of legislation or custom. 2. Law is any rule or injunction that must be obeyed. 3. Not everybody can work for the good of society. 4. A lawyer is a person whose profession is to conduct lawsuit for clients or to advise or act for them in other legal matters. 5. We accept some rules if we belong to particular social institutions. 6. I’ll take legal advice. 7. She brought a case to court. 8. What factors influenced your decision? 9. The judge administers justice.

Система времен английских глаголов в пассивном залоге

(The System of Tenses. Passive Voice)

Прочитайте различные формы глагола. Формы пассивного залога выпишите в таблицу. Сформулируйтеправилообразованияпассивногозалога. Образуйтенедостающиеформыглаголов.

Stay, has changed, have been changed, have made, is being made, are based, were based, buy, hadbeen bought, are injured, didn’t return, wasn’t repaid, will have been repaid, claimed, will be claimed, are becoming.

 

	PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
SIMPLE
PROGRESSIVE
PERFECT

 

Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на обстоятельства времени.

1. … (often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom) bills are discussed, people are injured, our conduct is regulated, laws are enforced, this TV programme is watched, goods are bought;

2. … now (at the moment of speech) bill is being discussed, laws are being kept in the society together, the car is being driven on the left side of the road; 19

 

3. … already, by now (by the moment of speech) the law has been formulated, the court has been authorized to complete the investigation, he has been injured, the dispute has been resolved;

4. … last …, … ago, in 1997 (date) laws were created long ago, last week he was punished; capital punishment was abolished in the early 1960s.

Перепишите предложения, используя пассивный залог.

Model:

Sometimes people break laws.

Laws are sometimes broken by people.

1. Police investigate crimes.

2. The State Duma makes laws.

3. Courts resolve disputes.

4. Police arrested a criminal yesterday.

5. The Parliament has already passed the law.

6. Some laws provide for benefits for workers injured.

7. Informal rules of conduct already existing in society often form government-made laws.

Раскройте скобки и выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. Law (defines, is defined) as a rule of human conduct, imposed upon and enforced among, the members of the state.

2. Laws (codified, were codified) in many countries.

3. Laws (are enforced. have been enforced), and such enforcement usually (carries out, is carried out) by the state.

4. A defendant (refuses, refused) to obey law, so he (is punished, was punished).

5. Law (has, have) several aims which (concern, are concerned) mainly with making society more stable.

6. If people (disobey, will disobey) the rules the law (threatens, is threatened) them with something unpleasant - often called a sanction.

7. In England there (is, are) a rule that a man must not wear a hat in church or that one must stand up when “God Save the Queen”(plays, is played).

Замените в предложениях глагольные формы в активном залоге на пассивные, как указано в примерах, и переведите их на русский язык.

Examples:

MODEL 1 The constitution defines the federative structure of the Russian Federation.

The federative structure of the Russian Federation is defined in the

Constitution.

MODEL 2 The constitution defined the federative structure of the Russian Federation.

The federative structure of the Russian Federation was defined in the Constitution (several years ago, yesterday, two days ago, the day before yesterday).

MODEL 3 The constitution will define the federative structure of the Russian Federation.

The federative structure of the Russian Federation will be defined in the Constitution (one of these days, tomorrow, in a week, in several months).

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines the rights and freedoms of a human and a citizen.

2. The Constitution defined the Russian Federation as a secular state in 1993.

3. The Constitution contains the text of the oath taken by the President of the Russian Federation.

4. The Constitution determines the extent of the jurisdiction of the Russian Government.

5. The Constitution established the principles of independence, irremovability and immunity of judges when it was adopted.

6. The Constitution will regulate the issues of local self-government in a year.

7. Part 2 of the Constitution contains Transitional and Final provisions.

 

 

В английском языке существует группа так называемой интернациональной лексики. К ней относится, например, слово “legal ”. О значении слов этой группы нетрудно догадаться, так как в русском языке есть однокоренные аналоги. Однако в специализированной литературе интернациональные слова могут образовывать терминологические словосочетания (клише), отличные от их однокоренных аналогов.

Правовой

~ document – правовой документ

~ obligation – правовое обязательство

~ system – система права

Судебный

~ action –судебный иск

~ costs – судебные издержки

~ decision –решение суда

~ procedure – судопроизводство

~ remedy – средство судебной защиты

Законный

~ government – законное правительство

~ foundation – законное основание

~ owner – законный владелец

Юридический

~ person – юридическое лицо

~ profession – профессия юриста

~ advisor - юрисконсульт

~ ethics - профессиональная этика юриста

~ department – юридический отдел

~ language – юридический язык, язык юристов

~ aid - юридическая помощь