II. Переведите следующие глаголы, образованные при помощи отрицательного префикса de-, который выражает значение противоположного действия.

to increase (увеличивать) - to decrease to mobilize (мобилизовать) - to demobilize to compose (составлять) - to decompose

III. Переведите следующие прилагательные, образованные от существительных при помощи суффиксов -ful (выражает наличие качества) и -less (выражает отсутствие качества):

саге (забота) - careful, careless use (польза) - useful, useless fruit (плод) - fruitful, fruitless

IV. Сгруппируйте слова по частям речи (существительные, прилагательные, наречия, глаголы).

elimination, consequently, confinement, dependence, homeless, successful, gradually, comparable, queenless, wide, consumption, dehorn, internal, normally, harmful, excellent, democratic, producer, influence, deforest, dusty, receiver, incomparable, infectious, higher, shorten, largely, unfavourable, lowest.

V. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих интернациональных слов:

to secrete, start, temperature, adaptation, rotation, lucerne, population, effectively, recommendation, combination, storm, special, factor, fact, finish.

VI. Переведите предложения, Обратите внимание на перевод самостоятельного причастного оборота.

L Feeds being nutritious, our animals grow well.

2. Roughages being high in fibre, pigs are not fed such feeds.

3. Concentrates supplying much energy, farmers should provide the animals with them.

4. It is necessary to supply dairy cows with protein, the amount varing with their productivity.

5. We raise some breeds of dairy cows, this one beings the most productive.

CALP

Cattle are kept for two main purposes: beef production and milk production. The management of a dairy herd differs markedly from that of beef producing animals, for milk production is a daily process.

The life of a dairy cow may be divided into three periods.

The first period is the one which lasts from the birth of a dairy calf up to about the age of 6 months. The second period lasts from 6 months until the heifer calve a for the first time, usually at about 2,5 years of age. The last period is the period of the maturity of a dairy cow.

The calf being normal after birth, the cattleman should leave it with its mother. Being healthy, the calf will soon get to its feet and start nursing. The first milk, colostrum, is very important for the new-born calf. It ic secreted by the cow for 4 or 5 days after calving. The calf usually sucks its dam for about a week. Then it should be put into an individual pen and taught to drink milk from a pail. Calves should be fed whole milk at the same temperature as milk from the udder of the cow, the rate being about 1 to 1.5 gallons a day. Feeding cold milk or too much milk will cause scours. Feeding at irregular intervale may cause digestive troubles too.

Calves being 3 weeks old, other feeds containing fibre should be given. All calves at this age should have access to a small amount of good-quality hay and clean water.

• Whole milk is to be given until calves reach 8 to 10 weeks of age. Calves reaching this age, whole milk must be gradually decreased and skim milk or a milk substitute is given. From this age on dry feeding is increased while milk is decreased.

Calves should be turned out to pasture in spring as early as possible. Being kept on good pasture in summer, calves do not require any other additional feed. Calves being on poor grass, large amounts of hay, roots and a small amount of concentrates are necessary in addition to pasture. In winter calves should receive legume or grass hay. The quantity of grain is different, depending on the quality of hay fed to the calves.

Young heifers reaching about 18 to 20 months of age, a careful watch is kept upon them and when they come into heat, they are bred.

Пояснения к тексту

1. up to - до

2. for the first time - в первый раз

3. skim milk - снятое молоко

4. from this age on - с этого возраста...

5. depending on - в зависимости от

6. a careful watch is kept upon them - за ними внимательно на­блюдают

7. to turn out to pasture - выгонять на пастбище

8. come into heat - приходить в охоту

Запомните

until - (союз) до тех пор, пока... не (+ сказ.) for - (предлог) для; в течение (перед указанием периода вре­мени).

(союз) так как (часто после запятой) too - тоже, также (в конце предложения)

слишком (перед прилагательным или наречием)

Активные слова и выражения

to calve, colostrum, to suck, dam, pen, udder, rate, to decrease, skim milk, to turn out to pasture, for, too, until.