Form nouns from the following verbs and translate them into Russian:

-ment: -ance/ence: -ion/sion/tion: -age:

to move, to advance, to improve, to manage, to achieve; to perform, to differ, to exist, to refer; to produce, to consider, to construct, to operate; to store, to assemble.

 

Запомните формы множественного числа некоторых слов греко-латинского происхождения.

 

datum – data medium - media criterion – criteria matrix – matrices thesis – theses index – indices nucleus – nuclei

analysis – analyses basis – bases phenomenon – phenomena focus – foci, focuses hypothesis – hypotheses axis - axes

 

Translate into English:

1. Данные будут обработаны завтра.

2. Студенты уже изучили эти физические явления.

3. Тезисы данной раной работы были представлены на прошлогодней конференции.

4. При разработке темы были приняты во внимание многие критерии.

5. Это явление еще не было достаточно изучено.

6. Ученые выдвинули еще одну гипотезу возникновения жизни на Земле.

 

 

Reading

What is a computer?

Answer the questions.

1. What is a computer?

2. What are the main applications of computers?

3. What activities are performed by computers?

Lexis

Read and memorize the pronunciation of the following words.

Phenomenon  - phenomena, datum - data, circuit, circuitry, versatile, calculus, hardware, software, accurately, store, sophisticated, appliance, capability, exponentially, supply, modify, encode, preceding, variety, reside.

Read and guess the meaning of the international words(pay attention to the stress mark).

`Program, con`trol, ma`chine, com`ponent, `process, calcu`lation, `status, `monitor, dis`play, de`sign, perso`nnel, communi`cation, a`ssistant, techno`logical, ope`ration, `physical, `scanner, re`sult, uni`versal, in`ventory, appli`cation, ins`truction, elec`tronic,` digital, gene`ration.

Give English equivalents for the following words (use ex. 1, 2 for reference).

Программное обеспечение, физический, микросхема, применение (приложение), точно, инвентарь (товары), способность, аппаратное обеспечение, сложный, цифровой, разнообразие (множество), предшествующий, приспособление, кодировать, управлять, многофункциональный, поколение, обрабатывать (информацию), явление, вычисление.

Translate the following word combinations into Russian.

Digital assistant, credit status, electronic circuitry, versatile machine, output device, program instruction, computer component, sophisticated application, set of instructions, computer capability, technological advancement, preceding generation, universal information processing machine, wide variety of activities.

 

Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them into Russian.

a) `process – to `process - `processing - `processor, `program – to `program - `programming - `programmer - `programmable, con`trol – to con`trol – con`troller, `transfer – to trans`fer;

b) `to `calculate –,calcu`lation - `calculator - `calculating, to com`pute – compu`tation – com`puter – com`puting, to a`pply – appl`cation – app`liance – a`pplied.

 

Read through the text and find answers to these questions.

1. What is hardware?

2. What is software?

3. How are computers used in business?

 

A computer is a machine that performs tasks, such as calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions called a program. Programs usually reside within a computer and are retrieved and processed by the computer’s electronics. The program results are stored and routed to output devices, such as video display monitors or printers. A wide variety of activities is performed by computers reliably, accurately, and quickly.

Computers are extremely versatile. In fact, they are universal information processing machines. According to the Church-Turing thesis, computer with a certain minimum threshold capability is in principal capable of performing the tasks of any other computer. Therefore, computers with capabilities ranging from those of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer may all perform the same tasks, as long as the time and memory capacity are not considerations. Therefore, the same computer designs may be adapted for tasks ranging from processing company payrolls to controlling unmanned spaceflights. Due to technological advancement, modern electronic computers are exponentially more capable than those of preceding generations (a phenomenon partially described by Moore’s Law).

Uses of computers

Computers are used by people in many ways. In business, computers track inventories with bar codes and scanners, check the credit status of customers, and transfer funds electronically. In homes, tiny computers embedded in the electronic circuitry of most appliances control the indoor temperature, operate home security systems, tell the time, and turn videocassette recorders (VCRs) on and off. Computer programs, or applications, exist to aid every level of education, from programs that teach simple addition or sentence construction to programs that teach advanced calculus. Computers are used extensively in scientific research to solve mathematical problems, investigate complicated data, or model systems that are too costly or impractical to build, such as testing the air flow around the next generation of aircraft. Computers are employed by military in sophisticated communications to encode and unscramble messages, and to keep track of personnel and supplies.

How computers work

The physical computer and its components are known as hardware. Computer hardware includes the memory that stores data and program instructions; the central processing unit (CPU) that carries out program instructions; the input devices, such as a keyboard or a mouse, that allow the user to communicate with the computer; the output devices, such as printers and video display monitors, that enable the computer to present information to the user; and buses (hardware lines or wires) that connect these and other computer components. The programs that run on the computer are called software. Software is generally designed to perform a particular type of task – for example, to write a letter, to display and modify a photograph, or to direct the general operation of the computer.

 

8. Find English equivalents from the text.

1. предназначен  для 2. отслеживать (работу, персонал), 3.научное исследование, 4. сохранять информацию, 5. сложные средства коммуникации, 6. минимальный порог возможностей, 7. выполнять задачи, 8. объем памяти, 9. беспилотные полеты в космос, 10. устройства вывода, 11.давать возможность, 12. отыскивать (извлекать), 13. платежные ведомости, 14. встроенный, 15. надежно, 16. электронные схемы, 17. применять, 18. осуществлять денежные переводы, 19. шина.

 

 9. Provide synonyms for the following.

1. to carry out, 2. information, 3. expensive, 4. apply, 5. display, 6. to direct, 7. complicated,  8. small.

 

Find the equivalents.

     therefore           такой как

    due to               поэтому

    as long as         например

such as             благодаря

for example       пока        

 

  11. Write the verbs the following nouns are derived from.

Application, storage, calculation, communication, operation, performance, construction, advancement, solution, reference, improvement, residence, investigation.

12. Translate the sentences into English.  

1. Компьютер - это электронное устройство, которое предназначено для хранения и обработки информации. 2. Все физические компоненты компьютерной системы называются аппаратным обеспечением. 3. Когда программа запущена, компьютер выполняет набор инструкций и обрабатывает данные. 4. Результаты программы передаются в устройства вывода (мониторы, принтеры). 5. В научных исследованиях компьютеры используются для решения математических задач, изучения сложных данных. 6. Устройства ввода дают возможность  пользователям взаимодействовать с компьютером. 7. В настоящее время компьютеры встроены практически во все бытовые и электронные приборы. 8.  Благодаря развитию технологий, современные компьютеры способны выполнять самые сложные задачи.

Speaking