T ranslate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the function of the Past Participle in the sentences.

The Past Participle as an attribute.

1. Protective tariffs make imported products more expensive and encourage people to buy goods produced in their own country –Протекционистские тарифы делают импортные товары более дешевыми и побуждают население покупать товары, произведенные в своей стране.

2. Exporters and importers often prefer the security of payment by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit when dealing with unknown firms in distant countries.- Экспортеры и импортеры часто предпочитают безопасность оплаты подтвержденным безотзывным аккредитивом, когда ведут дела в незнакомыми фирмами в далеких странах.

3. The main reasons given were the large amount of work commissioned by the Government.  – Основными приведенными причинами были большие объемы работ по заказу Правительства.

The Past Participle as part of a predicate (to form the perfect tenses and the passive voice).

1. John Martin has received an enquiry from the Abracan government. – Джон Мартин получил запрос от Правительства Абраки.

2. He has been asked to give a quotation to supply office furniture. –Его попросили предоставить расценки на поставку офисной мебели.

3. As he was convinced that it would be the largest single order in the history of the firm, John Martin informed the boss about it. – Поскольку он был убежден, что это будет крупнейший разовый заказ в истории фирмы, Джон Мартин проинформировал об этом шефа.

Task 3

Familiarize yourself with the text and fill in the following chart with the italicized words from the text. Consult the Grammar notes below. Translate the text into Russian. Supply it with the suitable title.

The death of Ambrose Harper, one of the two men who founded the company Harper & Grant Ltd., causes a crisis in the firm. Harper & Grant is a private company. It was started originally by Hector Grant's father and the late Ambrose Harper together. A private company can be formed by two or more people. They sign a Memorandum of Association, stating the number of shares they agree to take, and their signature is followed by the signatures of anyone else, often members of the family, who will also take shares in the company. In a private company there cannot be more than fifty members, or shareholders. The authorised capital of Harper & Grant Ltd was originally 5,000, but the company has grown, and each 1 share is now worth about 100. Each share carries a vote at a shareholders' meeting.

Wentworths, a large and successful firm who manufacture mattresses for beds, own 10% of Harper & Grant shares. Mr. Wentworth senior was a personal friend of Ambrose Harper. His firm now has an opportunity of buying some of the shares formerly belonging to Harper. Hector Grant wants to stop Wentworth getting as many shares as he owns himself for fear of upsetting the voting power at shareholders' meetings. If Wentworth owned fifty-one per cent of the shares they would have a controlling interest, and would be in a very good position to take over Harper & Grant completely. This being done, it will become a fully owned subsidiary.

Hector Grant does not want Alfred Wentworth to own too many of the shares. Having raised a loan,he buys enough of the shares to outvote A. Wentworth. It is a personal loan. It is also a short-term loan. Obtaining a loan he does not only have to pay back the money he borrowed, he also has to pay interest on it: in this case nine per cent, this is the rate of interest. The bank manager asked for security. He wanted to hold the deeds of Grant's house. But a building society lent him money long ago to buy the property, and every year he repays a proportion of the loan to them, plus interest. By now, a lot of this loan has been paid back to the building society. Probably for this reason the bank agreed to a second mortgage. If Grant could not pay back the loan within the time limit his house would have to be sold and the first mortgage paid up. Then the remainder would go to the holder of the second mortgage, in this case, the bank. Very few banks will give an unsecured loan, one without any security or guarantee they will get their money back.

Hector Grant has been to hear the reading of Ambrose Harper's will. Having been informed about the distribution of Ambrose Harper’s shares, he summons his nephew Peter, the Production Manager, to talk things over.

 

The ing -Form

Past Participle

Non-perfect

Perfect

active passive active passive doing being done having done having been done done stating being done Having raised Having been informed started belonging       formed buying       followed getting       authorised upsetting         grown voting       paid controlling       sold Obtaining       paid building       unsecured reading        

PRACTICE

Ask yourselves these questions when considering the - ing form.

 

1. When do we use the -ing form?

Exercise 1