Read the following sentences and choose a correct modal verb or modal equivalent:

1. The upper airway is important because it must\may always stay open for you to be able to\must breathe.

2. Muscles can\have to be divided into three types.

3. Air entering the alveoli has to \may exit the same route.

4. The muscles can\must expand and contract.

5.  Respiratory system might\can maintain heat balance.

6. Your heart may\must not yet be strong enough to cope with the exertion

8. This reduces the area which oxygen and carbon dioxide can\have to be exchanged

9. A patient may\is able to develop a high temperature.

10. A pneumonia may\can be treated by giving a patient antibiotics.

11. The heart is not able to\may not have enough power to pump blood through the arteries.

14. The wall of a vessel has to\may be thin in the case of capillaries or very thick in the case of arteries.

Listening

46. Watch the video ‘Respiratory System (2^nd Ed., Rev.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU_8juD3YzQ

ü What is the role of cilia?

ü How does cigarettes smoking effect the cilia?

ü What does the trachea divide into?

ü What are alveoli?

ü How many alveoli do we have in our lungs?

ü What is the surface alveoli cover? How many square meters?

ü Why is the area so large?

 

Vocabulary

Name the parts of the respiratory system

Terms to know

Alveoli - Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (tiny branches of air tubes) in the lungs. The alveoli are where the lungs and the bloodstream exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen. Carbon dioxide in the blood passes into the lungs through the alveoli. Oxygen in the lungs passes through the alveoli into the blood.

Arteries - A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to tissues and organs in the body.

Bronchi - The large air passages that lead from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs.

Bronchioles - A tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs.

Larynx (Voice Box) - The area of the throat containing the vocal cords and used for breathing, swallowing, and talking.Also called voice box.

Lobe - A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, breast, thyroid, or brain.

Lower Respiratory Tract - The part of the respiratory tract consisting of trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.

Lungs - One of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

Lymph Nodes - A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Lymph nodes filter lymph (lymphatic fluid), and they store lymphocytes (white blood cells). They are located along lymphatic vessels. Also called lymph gland.

Nasal Cavity - The space inside the nose.

Nose - A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of smell. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the paranasal sinuses.

Pharynx (Throat) - hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach).

Pulmonary - Having to do with the lungs.

Thoracic Diaphragm - thin muscle below the lungs and heart that separates the chest from the abdomen.

Trachea (Windpipe) - The airway that leads from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi (large airways that lead to the lungs).Also called windpipe.

Upper Respiratory Tract - The part of the respiratory tract consisting of the nose, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx.

Veins - Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Additional information:

http://www.innerbody.com/health-careers/how-to-become-a-respiratory-therapist.html How to become a Respiratory Therapeutist?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A common view

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4zOXOM6wgE song

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUNbvtMDMQI introductory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfxfydYFlhg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3v1XdtCfuTw nursing question

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkAe4DjHwMM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU4WBbwOWU4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw9OJLTlClQ (as structure of the heart)!!!!!! Lung Anatomy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1w3s9m3hIg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lr5dDmTASos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onbKgDn_maE model

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0vIUa3Ht2o model

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URu9HuLv9R0 Respirotory System& Cardiovascular System

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU_8juD3YzQ!!!!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1_c7Wvut5A fast tempo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jQzk_HA-Og

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fg_MCplYv4Y lungs!!!!!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7Ac7jdbL8k lungs!!!!! Desases

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTR1IsX55dc informative

 

Milestones

Some milestones in the study of the respiratory system.

· 13th century: Anatomist and physiologist Ibn Al-Nafis advances his theory that the blood must have passed through the pulmonary artery, through the lungs, and back into the heart to be pumped around the body. This is believed by many to be the first scientific description of pulmonary circulation.

· 1897: Gustav Killian uses a rigid esophagoscope to extract a pork bone from a farmer's bronchus.

· 1898: A. Coolidge performs the first bronchoscopy in the United States at Massachusetts General Hospital.

· 1905: Looking to improve the care of tuberculosis patients by sharing their experiences and discoveries, a small group of physicians forms what becomes the American Thoracic Society.

· 1907: In Philadelphia, Chevalier Jackson develops and improves the instruments for bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy.

· 1963: James Hardy of the University of Mississippi performs the first human lung transplant. The patient lives for 18 days.

· 1964: Shigeto Ikeda develops a prototype of a flexible bronchoscope.

· 1983: Joel D. Cooper, a thoracic surgeon, performs the first successful lung transplant in Toronto.

· 1986: Cooper performs the first successful double lung transplant.

· 2013: GuineIN Tube, a robotic, self-guiding intubation device is introduced.

· 2013: Researchers at the University of Michigan use 3D printing to create a splint to hold open a baby's airway so he could breathe.

· 2015: Scientist convert human embryonic stem cells into lung cells.