Типовые оценочные материалы по теме 3

Тема 3. Организационные структуры и механизмы управления.

Практическое задание

Задание 1.

The Managed Organization

Any organization that’s managed exists to do certain things in society, and the things it does are governed by its purpose. They’re not done just for the sake of doing them or because someone in the organization feels that this or that activity would be nice to have abroad – or at least they oughtn’t to be done for these reasons.

Everything that’s done should contribute in some useful way to what the organization is there for. If it doesn’t contribute it gets in the way of the activities that do contribute. The purpose might be to supply a market with a certain range of goods or services – in which case the organization was set up originally by a businessman. Or its purpose might be to do certain things for the public generally to regulate the public’s behavior in certain ways – in which case the organization was originally created by politicians.

To do these things, the organization needs resources. If it needs land and buildings and equipment and materials – all the physical assets of the organization. It also needs services like electricity, water, telephones and so on. But two resources are basic. The organization couldn’t begin to operate without them.

One is the money put into it. The business funds his organization by putting his money into it and persuading shareholders to invest in it and banks to lend money to it. The politicians find their organizations by forcing the general public and business organizations to pay taxes and rates. However it gets its money, the organization has a duty to the people who’ve put the money in it to see that it is used in the best possible to satisfy the purpose and that the resources bought with it aren’t wasted by inefficiency or extravagance. If the organization can achieve its aims with less money it’s got a duty to do that too. The money is basic because it buys all the other resources that organization needs.

The other basic resource is the organization’s people – its employees. They are basic because the organization “doing things” only in the sense that its people do things. The money pays for them too of course, but their value as a resource doesn’t depend simply on how much they are paid. It also depends on how competent they are to do the things the organization, on how efficiently they work together. And all these things are decided by two questions that are absolutely fundamental to the effectiveness of the organization

The first is the question of how well its people are organized. The main point of organizing people is to coordinate what each person does with what everyone else is doing. This can’t be done if they are all working as a mass in a high human ant-hill. So the organization groups them by the different kinds of work they do. It puts together in each group people whose work is similar or closely connected. Then rather than individuals having to try to coordinate what they’re doing with what everyone else is doing, the groups coordinate what they’re doing with what everyone else is doing, the groups can be coordinated – which is slightly easier.

The second fundamental question is the way the groups are led. The main point of leadership is maintaining people’s morale and their sense of purpose. Any group of people needs leadership. It’s very basic human need. And in itself it isn’t very complicated or time-consuming kind of role – demanding, yes, but difficult, no. More than anything else, it’s to do with the leader’s character, his attitude to the others in his group and how clear he is about what they’re trying to do together.

When the wealth of human talent available in most organizations, it shouldn’t be difficult to find enough people who’ve got those qualities. They exist all right. They’re there in each organization. But organizations are remarkably bad at picking them out and in showing them how their talents should be used. In most organizations that are managed, there are management positions occupied by people who won’t – or can’t – operate as leaders, who don’t even think of themselves as leaders. But far more are filled intelligent people who perceive the need but get no guidance or encouragement in meeting it. Leadership is a lost art in modern organizations.

It is true that managers have more than a leadership role. They also have to cope with all the complications of trying to coordinate the different kinds of work going on in their organizations and of finding economical ways of doing it. In a big organization that has managers working at many different levels, the problems of coordinating everything to achieve the aims and of avoiding waste of effort and resources become highly improved.

The higher a manager is in the organization, the more far-reaching are the problems ha has to tackle. If he doesn’t tackle them successfully, this part of organization cannot be effective That reduces the effectiveness of the whole organization because organizations don’t work in bits and prices – an effective bit here, an ineffective piece there. Until there’s a take-over bid or the official receiver moves in, the think either works properly as a whole or it doesn’t. If an important bit is weal, the whole organization suffers.

The point is that all the managers in an organization have to work together if the organization itself is to work properly, and that includes everyone from supervisor right up to chief executive. There are no “commissioned” and “non-commissioned” ranks in management. They’re all managers performing that leader-plus-economy-seeking job that is called Management.

 

Задание 2. Read the text once again and find the English for:

Рамки, принять во внимание, позволять, терять выгоду, двусторонний поток, жалобы, единоличный владелец бизнеса, розничная торговля, непроизволительно расходовать, директор компании.

 

Задание 3. Match the words and their definitions:

 

To attain

To maintain

Time-consuming

To perceive

Complications

To tackle

To lend

A take-over-bid

To perform

 

a) to complete an action or activity especially a complicated one

b) to make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem

c) an offer to buy shares in company and take control of it

d) to make something to stay the same, to keep

e) something that takes a long time to go

f) to succeed in achieving something especially after a lot of effort

g) to give someone something for a short time expecting that they will give it back

h) something that makes a process or activity more difficult to deal with

i) to understand or think about something in a particular way

 

Задание 4. Make verbs from the following nouns:

authority, suggestion, interpretation, guidance, encouragement, complication, supervisor.

 

Задание 5. Make nouns from the following verbs:

to establish, to define, to persuade, to waste, to persuade, to decide, to need.

 

Задание 6. Fill in the prepositions where necessary:

1. A business organization … contrast … a public service organization or a charity, exists to provide goods or services usually … a profit.

2. The business organizations we are concerned with here range … size … the one-man business, … partnerships … two or more people working … collaboration … large public limited companies employing … thousands … staff a variety … locations.

 

Задание 7. Agree or disagree with the following:

1. Good management cannot permit employees to grow according to individual abilities.

2. A two-way flow of communication ensures efficient functioning through feedback, suggestions, and grievances.

3. Making a profit is by no means the sole aim of a business.

4. The organization couldn’t begin to operate without money and people.

5. Leadership is a lost art in modern organizations.

 

Задание 8. Answer the following questions:

1. What is an organization and what for does management coordinate efforts of its employees?

2. What is organization based on? What is its structure?

3. What does good management permit employees and managers to do?

4. Why is communication so important in organization structure?

5. In which sector of the economy can business organizations be found for?

6. What for are the things in the organization done?

7. What two questions decide the value of employees?

8. What are the problems with talented people in organizations?

9. How should managers in an organization work if they want the organization to work properly?

10. What is the definition of the job that is called Management?

 

Задание 9. Questions for discussion:

 

1. What does organization involve?

2. What is the purpose of an organizational structure?

3. Why is an effective organization structure not an easy managerial task?

4. How would you describe the benefits partnership over sole tradership?

5. Why do some people prefer to establish a registered cooperative enterprise rather than, say, a primitive limited company?

 

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