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State – стЕйт
[C] (WAY OF BEING)
› a condition or way of being: The stable was preserved in its original state. \ Your room is in a terrible state. \ It's a sad state of affairs (= a bad situation) when our rivers are so endangered.
[C] (PLACE)
› politics & government one of the political units that some countries, such as the US, are divided into: New York State the State of Arizona
(COUNTRY)
C1 [C or U] a country or its government: The drought is worst in the central African states.\ Britain is one of the member states of the European Union. \ The government was determined to reduce the number of state-owned industries. \ Some theatres receive a small amount of funding from the state. formal His diary included comments on affairs/matters of state (=information about government activities).
Verb (EXPRESS)
› to express information clearly and carefully: His will states the property is to be sold. \ Please state your preference. \ [+ (that)] Union members stated (that) they were unhappy with the proposal. [+ question word] Please state wh y you wish to apply for this grant. \ Children in the stated (= named\упомянутых) areas were at risk from a lack of food, the report said.
Adjective provided, created, or done by the state (= government of a country): state education/industriesstate legislature/lawstate controlstate funding/pensions/subsidies
State events are formal official ceremonies that involve aleader of a country or someone who represents thegovernment: the state opening of Parliamenta state funeral
Drought - дрАут
a long period when there is little or no rain: This year (a) severe drought has ruined the crops.
Affair – афЭир
(SITUATION)
a situation or subject that is being dealt with or considered; a matter: The meeting was addressed by an expert in South American affairs. \ What I do in my spare time is my own affair (= a private matter). \ She organizes her financial affairs very efficiently.
(RELATIONSHIP)
a sexual relationship, esp. a secret one She's having an affair with a married man. \ The book doesn't make any mention of his love affairs.an extramarital affair
noun [C] (EVENT)
› an event: Their wedding was a pretty boring affair. \ The party turned out to be a quiet affair.
a matter or situation that causes strong public feeling, usually of moral disapproval: The arms-dealing affair has severely damaged the reputation of the government. \ The president's handling of the affair has been criticized.
(THING)
old-fashioned an object of the type stated: She wore a long black velvet affair.
Deed –дИд
(ACTION)
› an intentional act, especially a very bad or very good one: It seems to me that a lot of evil deeds are done in the name of religion. \ She's always helping people and doinggood deeds.
(DOCUMENT)
› [C] law a legal document that is an official record and proof of ownership of property: According to the deed, she owns the land from here to the river.
Foremost – фОрмост
Adverb before anything else in rank, importance, or position; in the first place. = First and foremost I still pride myself on being able to play several positions. \ In spite of being elected to office, she remains first and foremost a writer. \ In spite of her recent success as a novelist, she remains first and foremost a poet.
Adjective most important or best; leading best known: This is one of the country's foremost arts centres. \ She's one of the foremost experts on child psychology.
Hereby\Thereby – хИрбай\зЕрбай(этими словами\в связи с этим)
Hereby means "by this"; thereby means "by that". \ Hereby is used in connection with what is present with the speaker or what the speaker has just mentioned or the speaker's present words (i.e. the present document); thereby is used in connection with what is at a distance from the speaker or what has been mentioned by the speaker or by someone else.
For your tireless work fixing and improving AWB I hereby award you this Barnstar (in legal language, now, by means of)
Thereby by that means or because of that
“He knocked over the red wine, thereby ruining the table cloth” \ If you'd like to contribute, and thereby save the world, please mail me a check.
Certify – сЁтифай
to say in a formal or official way, usually in writing, that something is true or correct:
Inspectors must certify that the building is safe. \ The meat has been certified (as) fit for human consumption.
to say officially that someone is mentally ill:
As a young man, he had been certified and sent to a hospital for the mentally ill.
Certification proof or a document proving that someone is qualified for a particular job, or that something is of good quality:
Adult workers are increasingly going back to school for a degree or certification to improve their job opportunities.
[ U ] He will seek organic certification of his beef and poultry products.
Play out
to develop in a particular way:
Let's see how things play out.
When a situation plays out, it happens and develops:
The debate will play out in the media over the next week or two.
Just how this will play out is unclear, because Wikipedia remains controversial.
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