Test-papers for Public Relations by Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley, Max Bloom, Book 1: Units 11-15

Unit 11 CONDUCTING A SURVEY

Vocabulary

survey, survey questions	соцопрос, исследование
questionnaire	перечень вопросов анкеты
familiar	обычный, привычный, знакомый
closed-ended questions	закрытые вопросы
range	перечень
follow-up question	уточняющий вопрос
open-ended questions	вопросы открытого типа, подразумевающие множество ответов
respondents	респонденты
context	контекст, ситуация
loaded questions	наводящие вопросы, провокационные вопросы
wording	форма выражения, содержание
to be courtesy bias	зд. быть предвзято вежливым; необъективным
politically correct	политкорректный
anonymity	анонимность
encountered	встречающийся
to admit	признаваться, допускать
to contain	содержать
to be eager to….	хотеть, гореть желанием
survey accuracy	точность наблюдений

TEST-PAPER

E x erci se 1                   

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box

closed-ended	questionnaire	wording	context
courtesy bias	respondent	anonymity	familiar

1.                                     is a state of being unknown, and refers to people whose names are not released publicly.

2. If a question is                                    , it is used to get a brief, specific answer.

3. A                                      is the set of events or circumstances that something ex- ists with.

4.                                      is a person‘s tendency to give the ―right‖ or politically cor- rect answer to a survey question, even if that answer is not honest.

5. If something is                                     , someone knows it or has encountered it before.

6. A                                       is a list of questions that someone answers, usually as part of a survey or other data collection process.

7. A                                      is a person who answers questions in a survey or poll.

8.                                    is a selection of particular words to express an idea.

 

E x erci se 2

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian

1. For people born in Britain before the Second World War, child deaths – mainly from infectious diseases – were a familiar experience.

 

2. In order to ensure their anonymity, none of their details are obtained.

 

3. She admitted robbery and three charges of shoplifting and asked for five other of- fences to be taken into consideration.

 

4. So all of our information is contained within our IT systems.

 

5. Completion of the questionnaire constituted informed consent from the respond-

ent.

 

6. The age range varied from 18 to 92 years of age.

 

7. Its title and introduction lead readers to expect a general survey of global environ- mental history.

 

8. Where on the social ladder a person was born predicted, with depressing accura- cy, where they would end up.

 

9. Is the source of my social ineptitude my use of politically incorrect terms and faux- feelings of identification with minority groups?

 

10. We thank the many women who completed questionnaires for this study.

 

 

 

 

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VERTICALLY:

E x erci se 3

Find the answers to the crossword

9

HORIZONTALLY:

1. Persons who re- ply to something, especially one sup- plying information for a questionnaire or responding to an advertisement.

6. The ability to do something in an ex- act way without making a mistake.

7. Sentences or phrases that are used to ask for in- formation or to test someone‘s knowledge.

10. A number of people or things that are all different, but are all of the same general type.

12. Having no mis- takes.

2. Free from error; in accordance with fact or truth.

3. An investigation of the opinions or experience of a group of people, based on a se- ries of questions.

4. To agree unwillingly that something is true or that someone else is right.

5. To be well-known to you and easy to recognize.

8. When other people do not know who you are or what your name is.

9. The situation, events, or information that are related to something and that help you to understand it.

11. A written set of questions which you give to a large number of people in order to collect information.

13. To experience something, especially problems or opposition.

14. The words and phrases used to express something.

Unit 12

EVALUATING RESULTS 1

Vocabulary

to count	считать
to estimate	оценивать
message exposure	воздействие рекламного сообщения
advertising equivalency	рекламная равнозначность
to determine	определять
outlets	информационные источники
tough	стойкий, упорный
actual audience	фактическая аудитория
measurable	значительный, значимый, измеряемый
media impressions	зд. Рекламные публикации
to cover	покрывать, распространять
to track	сопроводить, следить
to assess	давать оценку, определять цену
measurement	измерение
to be worth	стоить, заслуживать
hit	зд. просмотр
to decrease	уменьшать
reliable methods	надежные методы
to air the story	передавать историю
potential	потенциальный, возможный
to launch	выпускать
to expand	расширять
campaign	кампания

TEST-PAPER

                                             E x erci se 1

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box

hit	advertising equivalency	message exposure	to evaluate
media impression	potential	actual	measurable

1. If something is                                     , it exists and is real, rather than being po- tential or imaged.

2.                                     is a measurement of how much a new story is worth to a person or organization. It is calculated by determining how much an advertisement of the same size or duration would cost.

3. To                                      something is to examine its qualities and make a deci- sion or judgement about it.

4. A                                      is a measurement indicating that someone has visited a particular website.

5. If something is                                     , it can be assessed with specific numbers or quantities, and can be compared quantitatively to other similar things.

6. A                                      is a measurement indicating that someone has been ex- posed to a particular message through the media.

7.                                     is a measure of how many people likely saw a message, and is based on how many places the message appeared.

8. If something is                                    , it is possible, but has not yet become real.

 

E x erci se 2

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian

1. Secure with rubber band and then cover with a decorative hair ornament.

 

 

2. He was strong and brave, a happy-go-lucky person but also tough and able to live on his own.

 

 

3. Many supermarkets now provide free buses to carry potential customers into their premises.

 

 

4. But error is a normal part of science, skepticism is its conscience, and control ex- periments uncover flaws in reasoning or measurement.

 

 

5. While employment figures continue to fall, their rate of decline has decreased.

 

 

6. In the absence of reliable sources, we can only guess at the process of societal formation.

 

 

7. The software company believes that the speller engine can be expanded into oth- ers areas of language learning and teaching.

 

 

8. He also played a key role in the campaign against the care home.

 

 

E x erci se 3

Find the answers to the crossword

HORIZONTALLY:

1. Large or important enough to have an effect that can be seen or felt; able to be measured.

4. A series of actions intended to achieve a particular result relating to politics or business, or a social improvement.

7. Likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future.

10. Consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted; dependable.

 

 

er.

VERTICALLY:

2. To start something, usually something big or important.

3. To find out the facts about something.

5. To become less or go down to a lower level, or to make something do this.

6. To become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larg-

 

8. Means of expressing one's talents, energy, or emotions.

9. To try to judge the value, size, speed, cost etc. of something, without calculating it

exactly.

 

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Unit 13

EVALUATING RESULTS 2

Vocabulary

to reach	достигать
to measure	измерять
to find out	обнаруживать
systematic	систематический
day-after recall	право отзыва через сутки, припоминание на следующий день (после контакта с рекламой)
to be aware	быть в курсе
to conduct	проводить
baseline study	изучение исходного состояния
attitude	отношение
to compare	сравнивать
action	действие
attendance	присутствие, обслуживание
request	просьба, требование, запрос
survey people	опрашиваемые люди
to inquire	спрашивать, узнавать, исследовать
ROI	экономический эффект, прибыль на инвестированный капитал
to occur	случаться, происходить
memorable	незабываемый, памятный
to evaluate	оценивать
evaluation	оценка, определение, анализ
explanation	объяснение
to determine	определять

TEST-PAPER

E x erci se 1                   

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box

attitude	attendance	systematic	day-after recall
request	ROI	action	baseline study

1. An                                      is the process of doing or changing something.

2.                                    is a measurement of how much money a person or compa- ny earns as a result of spending money on something.

3. An                                      is the general way that someone feels about something, and may include his or her opinions, emotions, or both.

4.                                      is a measurement of people‘s awareness of something one day after they have learned about it.

5.                             is a measurement of how many people are present at an event.

6. A                                    is the act of monitoring an audience‘s attitudes before and after a campaign in order to measure the changes, if any, in response to the campaign.

7. Is something is                                    , it occurs in a controlled, specific way.

8. A                                      is the act of asking someone for something.

 

E x erci se 2

Insert a suitable preposition where necessary

1. We received 400 applications in response              one job advertisement.

2. We spent too much money              people that hate us.

3. Their survival depended             the continued support of powerful group leaders.

4. Demonization usually occurs only            certain areas of a person's life.

5. Persons 16 years and older can make an advance written statement containing a request          termination of life‘ which the physician may carry out.

6. But the married father-of-three, who has 22 years' experience, is confident that ar-

rangements will go according

7. I have to say that I don't agree

plan.

 

this from a moral viewpoint.

8. We are aware              he situation and we are seeking to gather information and evidence.

 

Exercise 3

Find the answers to the crossword

HORIZONTALLY:

1. The reasons you give for why something happened or why you

5                                                                                          did something.

5. Very good, enjoyable, or unusu- al, and worth remembering.

8. To find out the facts about some- thing.

 

VERTICALLY:

2. The action or state of going regu- larly to or being present at a place

3. Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.

4. The opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behaviour.

6. A judgment about how good, useful, or successful something is.

7. To consider two or more things or people, in order to show how they are similar or different.

Unit 14 THE BUDGET

Vocabulary

to pay for	платить за …
publicity firms	разрекламированные фирмы
basic package	базовый набор, основная упаковка
affordable	допустимый, приемлемый
flat rate	единая ставка для расчѐта суммы косвенных из- держек накладных расходов, твѐрдая ставка; фиксированная процентная ставка (of interest)
fee	плата, вознаграждение
to allocate	предназначать, назначать, распределять
appropriately	соответственно, должным образом
salary	зарплата
staff time	трудозатраты
out-of-pocket expenses	подотчѐтные суммы; подотчѐтные расходы
unexpected contingencies	непредвиденные обстоятельства, незапланиро- ванные расходы
leftover	остаток
reimburse reimbursement	возмещать оплата, выплата
custom package	упаковка по индивидуальному заказу
to afford	позволять, иметь возможность
to estimate	оценивать
expenditures	расходы, издержки
beforehand	заранее
to assign	назначать, определять
to repay	возвращать, погашать
to purchase	покупать

TEST-PAPER

E x erci se 1

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box

cost	advertising	staff time	budget
out-of-pocket expense	contingency	fee	flat rate

1.                                     is the act of creating messages to influence the public to purchase a company‘s products or services.

2. A                                      is an amount of money that is available to pay for some- thing.

3. A                                      is a situation or event that might happen in the future, but is not certain to happen.

4. A                                      is the amount of money that someone must pay in order to buy or complete something.

5. A                                      is an amount of money that a person or company charg- es for a service.

6. A                                       is a fixed amount of money that a job or service costs, and does not change based upon the time required to complete it, the number of people involved, or other factors.

7. An                                       is something that someone must pay for immediately, and may or may not receive reimbursement for later.

8.                                     is the amount of time that employees of a company spend working on a particular job.

 

E x erci se 2

Insert a suitable preposition where necessary

1. It's so wonderful that you included me                     your quest to inform!

2. I know that you have questions                     the rates.

3. For the amount of money they charge                     the ticket, the service should be much better.

4. Regardless                           her position, she won the conference.

5. Do you have a question                       your PR manager?

6. This firm reviewed a client‘s expenditures                       previous agent.

7. Thank                        _ your help in the research work.

8. I don‘t want you include a flat rate                       all services.

 

 

E x erci se 3

Find the answers to the crossword

HORIZONTALLY:

1. The total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends dur- ing a particular period of time (plural).

5. Cheap enough for most people to afford.

7. To give someone a particular job or make them responsible for a particular person or thing.

8. Something wrapped in paper, packed in a box, and then sent by mail or delivered.

10. To pay back money that you have borrowed.

 

VERTICALLY:

2. To buy something.

3. Before something else happens or is done.

4. Correctly or suitably for a particular time, situation, or purpose.

6. Money that you receive as payment from the organization you work for, usually paid to you every month.

9. Remaining after all the rest has been used, taken, or eaten.

11. The action of repaying a person who has spent or lost money.

 

6

1

Unit 15 DESCRIBING CHANGE

Vocabulary

to concern about	волноваться о чем-либо
voter	избиратель
fluctuating	колеблющийся, неустойчивый, переменный
to increase	увеличиваться
to decrease	уменьшаться
response	ответ
initiative	инициатива
to expand	расширять, развивать
additional tax	дополнительный налог
to climb	подниматься
improvement	улучшение
to plummet	быстро падать, рухнуть
stable	устойчивый, стабильный, постоянный
rise	подъем
to target	намечать, планировать
shrink	уменьшение
decline	падение, спад
awareness	информированность, узнаваемость
to focus on	сфокусироваться на.., обратить внимание

TEST-PAPER

                                             E x erci se 1

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box

to decrease	to fluctuate	to rise	to expand
to plummet	decline	to increase	shrink

1. A                                      is a process of increasing in a quality or amount.

2. A                                      is the process of becoming worse or smaller in amount.

3. To                                    something is to make it grow larger.

4. To                                    is to get smaller.

5. To                                    is to become smaller in number or value.

6. To                                    is to become larger or greater in number or value.

7. To                                    is to change regularly.

8. To                                    is to fall very low very quickly.

E x erci se 2

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian

1. To be a single-issue voter, especially in this election, is ignorant and selfish.

 

2. The workforce has shrunk by 1,000 over the last two years.

 

3. Inequality in our society is increasing and for those at the bottom things are getting worse.

 

4. Moods and emotions are varied and fluctuating as you deal with rivals or friends.

 

5. He has the qualifications, reputation and awareness of what should, and should not, be.

 

6. I don't have enough confidence and initiative to ever earn her respect.

 

7. Focus on your own feelings and share them with your psychologist and you won't lose the focus of your own body.

 

8. She is anxious to receive any other suggestions which can lead to further im- provements.

E x erci se 3

Find the answers to the crossword

HORIZONTALLY:

1. The ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do.

6. The act of improving something, or the state of being improved.

7. To increase in number, amount, or value.

9. To suddenly and quickly decrease in value or amount.

 

VERTICALLY:

2. Become or make smaller in size or amount.

3. Something that you are trying to achieve, such as a total, an amount, or a time.

4. Rising and falling irregularly in number or amount.

5. Steady and not likely to move or change.

8. A decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something.

10. Knowledge or understanding of a particular subject or situation.

 

 

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Unit 16 PASSIVE VOICE

To be + V₃ (ed)

	Simple to be + V3 (ed)	Continuous to be + being +V3 (ed)	Perfect have + been +V3 (ed)
Present	am is + asked are	am is + being asked are	have /has + been asked (writ- ten)
	usually, always, often, every..., sometimes, seldom	at this moment, these days	already (-,?) yet just, never today, this week (month, year)
Past	was + asked were	was + being asked were	had + been аsked (written)
	yesterday, last time, in 1999,...ago	at 10 a.m. from 5 till 6 p.m. at that moment, this time yesterday, when I came	by (the time...) when (I came)
Future	will + be asked (written) tomorrow next year in a week	–	will + have been written by this time next to-morrow

GRAMMAR REFERENCE      

1. We use the Passive Voice when it is not so important (or unknown) who or what did the action:

· My research was published yesterday.

2. We use by only when we need to say who or what is responsible for an event:

· The window was broken last night. (We don‘t know or want to say who or what

did it.)

· The window was broken by a slate that fell off the road. (We wish to give the in- formation.)

3. We often use by+agent with the passive of verbs like build, compose, damage, design, destroy, discover, make and write to identify who or what is/was responsible:

 

Who designed St. Paul‘s? – It was designed by Christopher Wren.

4. We use the Passive Infinitive (to be done, to be committed) after modal verbs and a number of other verbs:

· I want to be left alone.

· Your bicycle may be stolen if leave it in the street.

5. Only the verbs which take on object (transitive verbs) can go into the Passive Voice.

Intransitive verbs can‘t be used in the Passive Voice. They are:

 

- to fly, to arrive

- to be, to become

- to have, to lack, to possess, to consist, to belong

- to hold, to suit, to resemble, to fit

- to appear, to seem, to come, to go, to last

E x erci se 1

Read and translate the following sentences into Russian. Find the passive construction in each sentence and define the tense

1. This lecturer is invited to deliver a course of lectures on Sociology at our University.

2. The mail is usually brought at 8 a.m.

3. Are the articles always prepared in time?

4. Promotion is used to create consumer interest in a product.

5. Mark, you are asked on the telephone.

6. Our appointment has been canceled, hasn‘t it?

                                                                                                                                                         _

7. Who has been appointed the head of the delegation?

8. A conference on sociological problems is being held now.

9. The papers are still being typed now.

10. Something important was being discussed, so I decided to listen to.

E x erci se 2

Put questions to the underlined parts of the sentences.

Translate the sentences into Russian

1. Sociology is taught in many higher educational establishments.

2. I‘m so sorry, your application has been rejected by the committee.

3. It‘s great that university graduates are offered a wide choice of jobs.

4. We hope, our new book will be published as soon as possible.

5. I am sure, the project will have been completed by the end of this academic year.

6. When we asked for the results, the information was being checked.

7. Don‘t worry. This issue will be discussed tomorrow.

8. When we joined the team, the solution had already been found.

9. Culture is learned, not inherited.

10. His report is being broadcast now.

11. You'll be informed about the change in the conference agenda.

12. We've been invited to participate in the conference on globalization.

E x erci se 3

Translate the sentences with modal verbs. Pay attention to the example This can be easily done. – Это можно легко сделать.

This can't be done. – Это нельзя сделать.

1. The answers must be written illegibly.

2. These books mustn't be taken away.

3. These questions can be easily answered.

4. His behavior can't be explained.

5. This result can be improved.

6. These mistakes must be corrected.

E x erci se 4

Open the brackets using the Passive Voice:

1. You                          (not/to allow) to buy cigarettes if you are under 16.

2. If he starts speaking the secret                            (to reveal).

3. These subjects                            (to teach) in many higher educational estab- lishments.

4. I think that this building                           (to build) in the 1970s.

5. Do you know when the new café                           (to open)?

6. Be quiet, please. My favorite show                            (to broadcast).

7. Do you know the news? The date of the meeting                            (to change)!

8. The seminar                           (to attend) by all our students.

9. The university lectures and seminars                            (to follow) by examina- tions.

10. The old methods of research                            (to replace) with the new ones.

11. He greatly                           (to influence) by other people's opinions

12. The summit                           (to follow) by a press-conference.

13. All his questions                           (to answer).

14. The demonstrators                            (to join) by their supporters.

15. A new questionnaire                           (to develop) in our sociological laboratory.

16. The research                            (to finish) by the beginning of the new academic

year.

 

E x erci se 5

Express the following sentences in the Passive Voice

Model

They invited him − Не was invited.

Somebody has made the report − The report has been made.

1. They will carry out this experiment next week.

2. She wrote that book ten years ago.

3. They've offered him a job.

4. Somebody has left the documents in the office.

5. One praises students when they work hard.

6. People will never forget his great contribution to science.

7. Somebody found those manuscripts last year.

8. They will discuss the changes in the agenda tomorrow.

9. They have opened the conference.

10. Nobody heard the news.

11. They will explain us the meaning of the concept.

12. They have given him all the necessary information.

E x erci se 6

Translate the sentences into English using the Passive Voice

1. Труд этого ученого была под влиянием идей Спенсера.

2. По этому вопросу было собрано много материалов.

3. Наше исследование будет проведено в следующем году.

4. На прошлой неделе была открыта ежегодная социологическая конференция

в Киеве.

5. Доклады были напечатаны до того, как событие началось.

6. Сейчас на конференции рассматриваются несколько новых предложений.

7. В нашей статье предлагается новое решение этой проблемы.

8. Этот проект будет закончен до конца этого года.

9. Старые методы исследования были замещены новыми.

10.Он сильно подвержен влиянию мнения других людей.

 

PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS

E x erci se 7

Translate the verbs with prepositions

a) to agree upon, to arrive at, to deal