I I . Read and translate the following text:

Fig. 3. A ship on the Admiralty spire, the emblem of Saint Petersburg.

The Admiralty Shipyards is one of the oldest and largest shipyards in Russia, located in Saint Petersburg. The shipyard's building ways can accommodate ships up 70,000 deadweight tons, 250 meters in length and 35 meters in width. Military products include naval warships such as nuclear and diesel-powered submarines and large auxiliaries.

Fig. 4. Admiralty Shipyards in Saint Petersburg.

The shipyard was founded by Peter the Great during the Great Northern War in 1704. It was administered by the Russian Admiralty, hence the name.

In 1997 the shipyard started construction of tankers of ice class of 20 000 DWT, designed for simultaneous transportation of up to 4 different cargo grades. These tankers have been equipped with the latest automated ships systems of world class. The tanker has double hull and is able to run in solid-ice of 0.5 m thickness at a speed of 1, 5 to 2 knots. During recent years the shipyard constructed for oil company Lukoil 5 ships of this project – Astrakhan, Magas, Kaliningrad, Saratov, Usinsk, which are working on the Northern Sea Route.

Military shipbuilding consists of orders from the Russian Ministry of Defense and export orders for foreign governments. The shipyard's military orders are primarily submarines, but also include non-military repair, modernization and building of other underwater technical innovations for oceanic development. Between 1973 and 1998 the shipyard has built 298 submarines, including 41 nuclear submarines, as well as 68 submersibles.

Admiralty Shipyards still keep the specialization in the area of submarine shipbuilding. The most recently built submarines include Kilo class submarines (2,325 tons D/W) and the smaller Lada class (1,600 tons D/W).

A unique deep-sea research vehicle “Consul” is the first Russian deep-diving vehicle of the third generation, capable of diving as deep as 6000 meters and working for 10 hours using a manipulator as well as lifting to the surface a load of up to 200 kg. The construction of underwater vessels constitutes 70% of the total production volume of the shipyard. Out of all submarines built in the world, 15% by tonnage are produced at the Admiralty Shipyards.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Where is the Admiralty Shipyards located?

2. What do military products of the Admiralty Shipyards include?

3. When did the shipyard start construction of tankers of ice class?

4. What is the description of a tanker?

5. Military shipbuilding consists of orders from the Russian Ministry of Defence, doesn’t it?

6. What do military orders include?

7. What is the main specialization of the Admiralty Shipyards?

IV. Ask as many questions as possible to the following sentences:

1. The Peresvet – class ships were designed as essentially enlarged armored cruisers with good range and seakeeping.

2. The Admiralty Shipyard is one of the oldest and largest shipyards in Russia.

3. Military products include naval warships such as nuclear and diesel – powered submarines and large auxiliaries.

4. The shipyard was founded by Peter the Great during the Great Northern War.

5. Military shipbuilding consists of orders from the Russian Ministry of Defence and export orders for foreign governments.

V. Complete the following sentences using the text:

1. The Admiralty Shipyard is one of the ….

2. The shipyard’s building ways can accommodate ….

3. In 1997 the shipyard started construction ….

4. The shipyard’s military orders are primarily ….

5. The Admiralty Shipyards still keep ….

VI. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Адмиралтейские верфи - одна из самых старых и крупных судоверфей в России, располагается в Санкт – Петербурге.

2. Судоверфь основал Петр I во время Великой Северной войны в 1704 году.

3. Танкеры ледокольного типа оборудованы новейшими автоматизированными системами мирового уровня.

4. Военные заказы этой судоверфи включают в основном строительство подводных лодок, а также модернизацию и строительство других подводных технических механизмов для исследований океана.

5. В течении последнего десятилетия, Адмиралтейские верфи построила 5 судов для компании «Лукойл».

VII. Translate the text: “Pyotr Velikiy”

Pyotr Velikiy is the fourth Kirov class battlecruiser of the Russian Navy, originally named Yuri Andropov.

Yuri Andropov was laid down in 1986 at the Baltic Shipyard (formerly Shipyard-189) in Leningrad. She was the fourth ship in what the Soviet Navy referred to as Project 1144 Orlan "heavy missile cruisers" (Raketny Kreyser). Kirov class ships have been the largest combat surface ships in the world.

In 1996 she was renamed Pyotr Velikiy, Russian for Peter the Great.

After completing her acceptance trials in November 1996, she was laid up at the Northern Fleet headquarters at Severomorsk awaiting completion and repairs. After they were completed, Pyotr Velikiy went on to become the flagship of the Northern Fleet.

On April 19, 2004, she was docked in the floating drydock PD-50 for painting of the underside of the hull, repairs and examination of the steering system. The repairs were completed later that year, and she was carrying out missions again by August.

VIII. Use the following words and word combinations in sentences of your own:

Shipyard, to be located, to accommodate ships, deadweight tons, to be founded by smb, to be administrated by, simultaneous transportation, ships systems of world class, to be able to run in solid ice, to export orders, non – military repair, oceanic development, the area of submarine shipbuilding.

VIII. Retell the text “Admiralty Shipyards.”

 

 

UNIT 4. NAVAL ARCHITECTURE

 

I. The words and word combinations to be remembered:

to deal with – иметь дело с чем - либо

marine vehicle – морское транспортное средство

naval – морской

complexity – сложность

to evolve – выделять, выявлять

paucity of data – малое количество данных

seakeeping – мореходные качества

to frown – проявлять неодобрение

fixture – крепление, закрепление

substitute – заменять, замещать

to encompass – охватывать, окружать

II. Read and translate the following text:

Naval architecture is an engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and repair of marine vehicles.

Due to the complexity associated with operating in a marine environment naval architecture is by necessity a co-operative effort between groups of technically skilled individuals that are specialists in particular fields, often co-ordinated by a lead naval architect. This inherent complexity also means that the analytical tools available are much less evolved than those for designing aircraft, cars and even space craft. This is due primarily to the paucity of data on the environment the marine vehicle is required to work in and the complexity of the interaction of waves and wind on a marine structure.

The areas of expertise filled by naval architects are typically:

· Hydrostatics (ex: trim & stability)

· Hydrodynamics (ex: resistance and powering, seakeeping, manoeuvring)

· Arrangements (ex: concept design, volume & access)

· Structures (ex: global strength, seaway responses)

Traditionally, naval architecture has been more craft than science. The suitability of a vessel's shape was judged by looking at a half-model of a vessel or a prototype. Ungainly shapes or abrupt transitions were frowned on as being flawed. This included, rigging, deck arrangements, and even fixtures. Subjective descriptors such as ungainly, full, and fine were used as a substitute for the more precise terms used today. A vessel was, and still is described as having a ‘fair’ shape. The term ‘fair’ is meant to denote not only a smooth transition from fore to aft but also a shape that was ‘right.’ Determining what ‘right’ is in a particular situation in the absence of definitive supporting analysis encompasses the art of naval architecture to this day.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What is naval architecture?

2. What is the function of a lead naval architect?

3. What are the areas of expertise filled by naval architects?

4. Why has naval architecture been more craft than science?

5. What does the term “fair” mean?

IV. Make sentences of your own, using the following words and word combinations:

Engineering discipline, marine vehicles, technically skilled individuals, due to the paucity of data, hydrodynamics, deck arrangements, the art of naval architecture.

V. Ask as many questions as possible to the following sentences:

1. Modern low cost digital computers and dedicated software have enabled naval architects to more accurately predict the performance of a marine vehicle.

2. A naval architect also has a specialist function in ensuring that a safe, economic and seaworthy design is produced.

3. Naval architects typically work for shipyards, ship owners, design firms and consultancies.

4. The suitability of a vessel’s shape was judged by looking at a half model of a vessel or a prototype.

5. Naval architecture is an engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and repair of marine vehicles.

VI. Complete the following sentences using the text:

1. Naval architecture is an engineering discipline …

2. Due to the complexity associated with operating …

3. The areas of expertise filled by …

4. The suitability of a vessel’s shape was …

5. Subjective descriptors such as …

6. The term “fair” is meant …