Inquiring about the history of tourism

Memorize and dramatize:

Student 1: Last time you told me a lot about tourist jobs and tourist companies. Did it take you long to learn so much?		Cтудент 1: В прошлый раз ты рассказал мне многое о туристских профессиях и туристских компаниях. Тебе потребовалась много времени, чтобы столько узнать?
Student 2: My parents used to work in tourist industry a few years ago. My dad was a tourism manager in a travel agency and my mum used to handle tour groups as a guide.		Студент 2: Мои родители работали в туристской индустрии несколько лет назад. Мой отец был ме-неджером туризма в тур-агентстве, а мама работала с тургруппами гидом.
Student 1: I was really impressed with your knowledge. Now, I’m interested to know when it all started. What do you say to resuming our talk?		Студент 1: Я был, на самом деле, под впечатлением от твоих знаний. Теперь мне интересно знать, когда это все началось. Что ты ска-жешь по поводу возобнов-ления нашего разговора?
Student 2: I don’t mind talking about tourism at all. What do you want to know in particular?		Студент 2: Я не возражаю против разговора о туризме совсем. Что ты хочешь знать конкретно?
Student 1: Last time it occured to me that I don’t know anything about the history of tourism. When did people start travelling?		Студент 1: В прошлый раз мне пришло в голову, что я ничего не знаю об истории туризма. Когда люди начали путешествовать?
Student 2: As you probably understand, it was long ago. The first travellers were nomads, pilgrims and traders.		Студент 2: Как ты, веро-ятно, понимаешь, это было давно. Первыми путешест­венниками были кочевники, паломники и торговцы.
Student 1: I thought the first travellers were Marco Polo and Cristopher Columbus, to name a few.		Студент 1: Я думал, что первыми путешественни-ками были Марко Поло и Христофор Колумб, к примеру.
Student 2: Those were the world famous travellers. They made their journeys later.		Студент 2: То были все-мирно известные путешест-венники. Они совершили свои путешествия позже.
Student 1: How did tourism develop?		Студент 1: Как туризм развивался?
Student 2: It developed with the development of transport means.		Студент 2: Он развивался с развитием средств транс-порта.
Student 1: Do you know what the earliest means of transport were like?		Студент 1: Ты знаешь, какими были самые ранние средства транспорта?
Student 2: The first travellers used to journey on rivers, lakes, channels, and seas. It goes without saying, that the first means of transport were boats, kayaks, canoes, and rafts. Apart from water modes of transportation teams of dogs and horses as well as сamels were used for travelling on land.		Студент 2: Первые путе-шественники обычно пере-двигались по рекам, озерам, каналам и морям. Само собой разумеется, первыми средствами транспорта были лодки, каяки, каноэ и плоты. Помимо водных видов транспорта упряжки собак и лошадей, а также верблю-ды использовались для путешествия по суше.
Student 1: Later on trains and cars came into being, I believe.		Студент 1: Позднее возни-кли поезда и автомобили, я полагаю.
Student 2: Don’t rush the events! First ferries and steamships appeared. And only then railways came into being but they were not railways in our modern sense.		Студент 2: Не торопи со-бытия! Сначала появились паромы и пароходы. И лишь затем возникли железные дороги, но они не были железными дорогами в со­временном смысле.
Student 1: The trains outdid ferries and ships, I’m sure. I believe they were pretty cheap, weren’t they?		Студент 1: Поезда превзо-шли паромы и корабли, я уверен. Я думаю, они были очень дешевыми, не так ли?
Student 2: Not from the very beginning, really.		Студент 2: Не с самого начала, на самом деле.
Student 1: How come?		Студент 1: Как так?
Student 2: The first railways emerged as early as in the Middle Ages...		Студент 2: Первые желез-ные дороги возникли еще в Средние века...
Student 1: Fancy that!		Студент 1: Подумать только!
Student 2: They became rather inexpensive when they widely spread in the 19th century.		Студент 2: Они стали до-вольно недорогими, когда широко распространились в XIX веке.
Student 1: As far as I know, motor-cars appeared right in the 19th century, didn’t they?		Cтудент 1: Насколько я знаю, автомобили появи-лись именно в XIX веке, не так ли?
Student 2: You are pretty well informed. In the late 19th century motor-cars came into being. Right from the beginning they gained popularity.		Студент 2: Ты очень хорошо информирован. В конце XIX века возникли автомо-били. С самого начала они завоевали популярность.
Student 1: I believe, I understand the reason. Travelling by motor-cars did not depend on the weather conditions.		Студент 1: Я думаю, я понимаю причину. Путе-шествие на автомобилях не зависело от погодных условий.
Student 2: Quite so! They moved on motor-roads with hard covering.		Студент 2: Именно так! Они двигались по автомобиль-ным дорогам с твердым покрытием.
Student 1: Besides, people were more flexible when they travelled by car. I am sure, travelling by car became widespread between cities and towns.		Студент 1: Кроме того, люди были более мобильны, когда они путешествовали на авто-мобиле. Я уверен, путешест-вия на машине распростра-нились между городами.
Student 2: Definitely so! Finally planes beat all other means of transportation.		Студент 2: Определенно! Наконец, самолеты победи-ли все остальные средства транспорта.
Student 1: There is no doubt about that. There is nothing like speed, comfort and convenience, is there?		Студент 1: Нет сомнений в этом. Нет ничего лучше скорости, комфорта и удоб-ства, не правда ли?
Student 2: But that was already in the 20th century for your information.		Студент 2: Но это было уже в XX веке к твоему сведению.
Student 1: But of course! Do you think I am that backward not to know when airplanes came into being? By the way, where did the first travellers use to stay overnight?		Студент 1: Ну, конечно! Ты думаешь, я такой отсталый, что не знаю, когда возникли самолеты? Кстати, где обычно первые путешест-венники останавливались на ночлег?
Student 2: They used to stay in inns and taverns in Europe and America and in caravansaries - in Asia.		Студент 2: Они обычно останавливались на посто-ялых дворах и в тавернах в Европе и Америке и в кара-вансараях - в Азии.
Student 1: Your information was very broadening!		Студент 1: Твоя инфор-мация была очень познавательной!
Student 2: Hopefully I didn’t talk your head off!		Студент 2: Надеюсь, я не замучил тебя разговором!

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

boat		лодка
broadening		познавательный
camel		верблюд
canoe		каноэ
caravansary		караван-сарай
inn		постоялый двор, недорогая загородная гостиница
kayak		каяк
means		средство, средства
merchant		купец
mode		способ
motor-car		автомобиль
nomad		кочевник
pilgrim		паломник
raft		плот
steamship		пароход
tavern		таверна
team of dogs		собачья упряжка
team of horses		конная упряжка
trader		торговец

TEXTS

Read the texts and answer the questions:

HOW IT ALL STARTED

People started travelling long ago. The first travellers were nomads and pilgrims, merchants and traders. They travelled along rivers, lakes and seas. The first travellers used simple means of travelling: boats and ferries on the water and camels in the desert.

The most famous travellers were explorers. Among them were Marco Polo from Venice in the 13th century, Afanasy Nikitin from Russia, Christopher Columbus and Vasco de Gama from Portugal in the 15th century, Magellan from Spain and Amerigo Vespucci from Italy in the 16th century, James Cook from England in the 18th century and other adventurers from Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, England and Holland. They made journeys to Asia, Africa and America.

Travel grew and developed as long as means of transport kept on growing.

With the 19th century the age of modern trains came. In the late 19th century the first motor-cars appeared.

The age of airplanes changed travel crucially. In the early 20th century jet planes emerged. They made air travel available to all people. Air travel is the fastest and the most convenient mode of travelling. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Passengers eat, sleep, watch movies, listen to music on airplanes.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1. When did people start travelling?

2. Who were the first travellers?

3. What means of travelling did they use?

4. Who were the most famous travellers?

5. What kind of journeys did they make?

6. Why did travel grow and develop?

7. What were the new means of travelling in the 19th century?

8. What kind of transportation emerged in the early 20th century?

9. What are the advantages of air travel?

TOURISM IN THE 19TH CENTURY

In the 19th century tourism was mainly for the rich. They had enough money and spare time for travelling.

Not many working people in Europe had paid holidays.

Well-to-do people used to take tours to France, Germany, Switzerland and Austria. They spent time at famous sea resorts in France. They went to health resorts and spas of Germany for recreation and treatment. They travelled to the resorts in the mountains of Switzerland and Austria.

In the early 19th century tourists used to travel by trains and steamships.

In the first half of the 19th century steamships used to move within inland waterways only. But in the second half of the century they started covering longer distances. The steamships carried passengers on all oceans and seas of the world.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1. What was tourism in the 19th century like?

2. What kind of tours did well-to-do people use to take?

3. Where did they go to in those countries?

4. How did they use to travel?

5. Where did steamships move in the first half of the 19th century?

6. Where did they move in the second half of the 19th century?

THOMAS COOK COMPANY

Thomas Cook Company is the oldest travel company in the world. As a matter of fact, Thomas Cook from England opened the age of organized tourism.

It started in 1841 when Thomas Cook arranged the first trip for 570 Englishmen by railway.

In 1843 Thomas Cook organized the first group tour by train. This time he provided tourists with meals and tickets for the races. So it was the first package tour.

Later on Thomas Cook made arrangements for organized visits to the First International Industrial Exhibition. The Exhibition opened in London in 1851. The tourists came from different parts of England.

All those were domestic tours. However, Thomas Cook decided not to stick to domestic tourism within his country only. Four years later, in 1855 he arranged the first overseas trip. It was a tour to the Exhibition in Paris. After that regular tourist trips started to other countries of Europe.

Thomas Cook continued expanding his travel business. In 1866 he arranged the first trip of two groups of Englishmen to the USA.

Thomas Cook set up the first travel agency.

Thomas Cook Company is still very active on the travel market. It is both a tour operator and a travel agency. But now two German companies own it.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1. What is Thomas Cook Company?

2. When did Thomas Cook arrange the first trip? What kind of trip
was it?

3. What was the first package tour like?

4. What kind of arrangements did Thomas Cook make in 1851?

5. What was the first overseas trip by Thomas Cook?

6. What kind of travel business is Thomas Cook Company?