The system of government of Great Britain.

In theory, the constitution has three branches: Parliament, which makes laws, the government, which "executes" laws, and the law courts, which interpret laws. Although the Queen is officially head of all three branches, she has little direct power.

Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the voters of 650 constituencies. The Prime Minister, or leader of the Government, is usually the leader of the political party with a majority in the House of Commons.

The Prime Minister is advised by a Cabinet of about twenty other ministers. The Cabinet includes the ministers of major government departments or ministries.

The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual. The Lords Temporal consist of hereditary peers; life peers who are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government for various services to the nation; and the Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) who become life peers on their judicial appointments. The latter serve the House of Lords as the ultimate court of appeal. This appeal court consists of some nine Law Lords who hold senior judicial office. They are presided over by the Lord Chancellor and they form a quorum of three to five when they hear appeal cases.

ВАРИАНТ IV

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются эти слова и какую функцию выполняет это окончание, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем З-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного:

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1.Electoral law divides Great Britain into 650 constituencies.

2.The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) fights against all elements which pose a threat to the security of the people in the United States, to the Nation`s security.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные и наречия в указанную степень сравнения (сравнительную или превосходную). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. The Supreme Court is the (high - превосх.ст.) judicial organ of the United States and the head of the judicial branch.

2. The (great - сравн.ст.) is the initiative of the people, the (full - сравн.ст.) will be the development of democracy.

III. Поставьте следующие утвердительные предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы. Утвердительные предложения переведите на русский язык.

 

1.Henry robbed the bank yesterday.

2.The state plans for the economic and social development of the country.

3.We will study many special subjects next year.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. No member of the International Court of Justice may act as an agent or an advocate in any case.

2. In some American prisons you can find inmates who serve “double life”, that is two life sentences.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. I knew he was guilty.

2. The Bill of Rights is often violated in the judicial and law enforcement practice.

3. The district court is hearing this case now.

4. In the first quarter of the 19th century two penitentiaries were built in America, Pennsylvania.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. Preparing for the seminar we studied the chapter of the present Constitution reflecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of Russian citizens.

2. When tried at the district court the case was quashed.

3. Amendments and alterations to the Criminal Executive Legislation adopted by June of 1992 change penitentiary policy for the better.

VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. All citizens of our country shall observe the laws of the country.

2.An expert may be invited to participate in the conduct of an investigatory experiment.

3. Mike`s uniform needs ironing, and Pete`s shoes need polishing.

VIII. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.