Запишите данные слова в тетрадь. Найдите перевод этих слов в словаре и запомните их.

opportunity

headquarters

donation

significant

self-determination

denuclearization

non-intervention

recognition

2. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания и их перевод:

the World Wide Fund for Nature - Всемирный фонд дикой природы

the International Committee of the Red Cross - Международный комитет Красного Креста

MBAs without borders - MBA без границ

the World Youth Alliance - Всемирный союз молодежи

the World Trade Organisation - Всемирная торговая организация

the International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Международный валютный фонд

the European Economic Community - Европейское экономическое сообщество

UNESCO - the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation - Организация Объединённых Наций по вопросам образования, науки и культуры (ЮНЕСКО)

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Всемирная декларация прав человека

Найдите пары синонимов и запишите их в тетрадь.

Organisation, category, creation, aim, include, company, type, establishment, involve, goal

Найдите пары антонимов и запишите их в тетрадь.

Independence, voluntarily, important, dependence, wide, compulsory, narrow, rise, unimportant, fall

Переведите следующие слова. Почему их можно перевести без словаря?

Corporation, phenomenon, progress, technology, transportation, industrialization, process, problem, ecological, resolution, declaration

6. Изучите грамматический раздел модуля по теме Предлоги. Союзы. Приставки. ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 6.

Заполните пропуски словами, данными в рамочке, и переведите предложения.

international, cooperation, independence, non-governmental, cooperation, non-profit, multinational

· A/an ………… organisation is not a part of a government, but may work with government departments, for example in dealing with people's health or the environment.

· A/an ………… organisation works to help people in some way rather than to make a profit.

· A/an ………… company or business has offices, shops, or factories in several countries.

· A/an ………… state or country has people of several different national groups living in it.

· A working group will be established to promote ………….

· Lithuania was the first of the Soviet republics to declare its ………….

· Economic ………… between these two countries is successful

 

8. Сопоставьте слова, данные в левом столбике, с определениями, данными в правом столбике.

 

1) independence	a) involving people from many different countries
2) intergovernmental	b) involving governments of different countries
3) international	c) a situation in which people or organisations work together to achieve a result that will benefit all of them
4) multinational	d) freedom from control by another country or organisation
5) cooperation	e) involving several countries, or existing between countries
6) self-determination	f) a policy of not getting involved in a disagreement between other people or countries
7) non-intervention	g) the freedom of the people in a country to choose their own government and not be controlled by another country

Text 1

International Organisations

An international organisation is an organisation with an international membership, scope or presence. International organisations are divided into two main categories:

1. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs). These may be:

international non-profit organisations, for example: the World Wide Fund for Nature, the International Committee of the Red Cross, MBAs without borders, the World Youth Alliance;

International corporations, referred to as multinational corporations, for example: The Coca Cola Company, Toyota, Microsoft, Adidas, Siemens.

2. Intergovernmental organisations (IGOs). These are organisations that are made up primarily of sovereign states (or member states). Examples include: the European Union (EU), the World Trade Organisation, NATO, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Interpol, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Group of Eight (G-8).

The formation of international organisations was a 20-th century phenomenon. Nowadays there are more than 2,500 international organisations. Among them there are more than 130 intergovernmental unions. The United Nations Organisation is the most notable. Other important organisations are the European Economic Community, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Interpol, Greenpeace and UNESCO. The creation of international organisation on a world-wide scale in the 20-th century was the result of the progress in the technology of communication, transportation, warfare, and the spread of industrialisation. These processes gave rise to a sense of independence among the nations of the world, and made people recognise the importance of international cooperation to avoid danger, solve problems, and use the opportunities which face the society of nations on a world-wide scale. Some organisations are concerned only with single and relatively narrow problems while others such as the UN and UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation), deal with a great variety of matters.

Let’s take, for example, the United Nations. It’s an organisation to which nearly all the countries of the world belong. Its headquarters are situated in New York. Its central aim is to maintain peace and security in the world and to develop friendly relations among nations.

Greenpeace is an international organisation, which deals with ecological and environmental problems. It was formed in 1971. Now it is a powerful organisation, which works all over the world. There are many serious actions in the list of Greenpeace activities. The national offices exist in 27 countries of the world. In Russia Greenpeace was formed in 1992. It works here in three directions: Wood Campaign, Antinuclear Campaign and Campaign for preservation of Lake Baikal. Greenpeace tries to attract public attention to different problems in the world and to find the way out. It is financed by personal voluntarily donations of its supporters.

The results of activity of international organisations are significant. The UN General Assembly passed a number of resolutions and declarations. They are the Nuremberg Principles dealing with crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the right of people and nations to self-determination; denuclearization, and non-intervention. The most important of them is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This general agreement, which stresses that all human beings are titled to some basic liberties, marked the birth of the international and universal recognition of human rights.