Употребление настоящих времен для выражения будущего действия (present continuous, present simple, обороты to be going to, to be to)

Будущих времен в английском языке достаточно много, но очень часто для выражения будущих действий используются хорошо вам знакомые настоящие времена. Для нас это не удивительно, так как и в русском языке это явление весьма распространено.

3.1.1. The Present Continuous употребляется для выражения запланированного будущего действия (действующим лицом выражается как намерение совершить действие, так и уверенность в его совершении, поскольку имеется договоренность, план, уже куплены билеты и т.п.), особенно с глаголами, обозначающими движение или действие. В этом случае почти всегда употребляются обстоятельства времени. Например:

What are you doing on Saturday evening? – I’m going to the theatre. Что ты делаешь в субботу вечером? – Иду в театр.

What time is Cathy arriving tomorrow? – Half past ten. I’m meeting her at the station. В котором часу Кэти завтра приезжает? – В половине одиннадцатого. Я встречу ее на вокзале.

I’m not working tomorrow, so we can go out somewhere. Я завтра не работаю, поэтому мы можем куда-нибудь сходить.

Jim isn’t playing football next Saturday. He’s hurt his leg. В следующую субботу Джим не играет в футбол, он травмировал ногу.

Вы также можете использовать the Present Continuous для выражения действия, непосредственно перед его совершением:

I’m tired. I’m going to bed now. Goodnight. Я устал, иду спать. Спокойной ночи.

Tina, are you ready yet? – Yes, I’m coming. Тина, ты уже готова? – Да, сейчас иду.

3.1.2. The Present Simple употребляется для выражения будущего действия запланированного обязательно: расписанием, планом, графиком, распоряжением (в предложении обычно имеется обстоятельство времени). Как правило, употребляется с глаголами, обозначающими движение: to arrive прибывать; to come приходить, приезжать; to go уходить, уезжать; to leave уезжать; to sail отплывать; to start отправляться. Например:

My train leaves at 11.30, so I need to be at the station by 11.15. Мой поезд отходит в 11.30, поэтому мне нужно быть на станции к 11.15.

What time does the film begin this evening? В котором часу начинается фильм сегодня вечером?

Next Friday is the thirteenth. Следующая пятница – тринадцатое число.

Our ship sails on next Tuesday. Наш пароход отплывает в следующий вторник.

Форма Present Simple в большей степени типична для выражения официально запланированных действий, а для личных планов обычно используется форма Present Continuous. Сравните:

What time are you arriving? I’m going to the cinema this evening.

What time does the train arrive? The film begins at 8.15 this evening.

3.1.3. Оборот to be going to образуется глаголом to go в форме Present Continuous (am/is/are going – здесь имеет значение собираюсь, намерен) и инфинитивом смыслового глагола с частицей to. Употребляется для выражения намерения совершить действие в будущем:

How long are you going to stay with us? Сколько времени ты собираешься пробыть у нас?

I hear Sarah has won some money. What is she going to do with it? – She’s going to buy a new car. Я слышал, Сара выиграла деньги. Что она собирается с ними делать? – Она хочет купить новую машину.

I’m sorry, but I’m not going to walk half a mile in the rain. Извините, но я не собираюсь шагать полмили под дождем.

This cheese looks horrible. I’m not going to eat it. Этот сыр выглядит ужасно. Я не собираюсь его есть.

Во избежание тавтологии форму с be going to редко употребляют с глаголами to go и to come. Вместо нее обычно используют форму Present Continuous этих глаголов:

вместо He is going to come here. – говорят: He is coming here. Он собирается прийти (придет) сюда.

When are you going home? Когда ты собираешься (пойдешь) домой?

Этот оборот также используется для выражения большой вероятности или неизбежности совершения действий в будущем, так как их признаки очевидны в настоящем (прогнозируемое будущее):

Watch out! Those boxes are going to fall over! Осторожно! Те коробки сейчас упадут.

Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain. Посмотри на те черные тучи! Сейчас пойдет дождь.

I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick. Я чувствую себя ужасно. Думаю, я заболею.

Не путайте употребление Present Continuous и to be going to. Present Continuous подчеркивает наличие предварительной договоренности (назначенного времени встречи, купленного билета и т.п.), а to be going to привлекает внимание к наличию решения о том, что собираются делать. При этом договоренности (если она в принципе необходима) еще нет:

I am meeting him tomorrow. (Present Continuous) Я встречаюсь с ним завтра. (уже есть договоренность)

I am going to meet him tomorrow. Я собираюсь встретиться с ним завтра (я уже принял решение, но он еще не знает об этом)

Впрочем, часто различие между Present Continuous и to be going to настолько мало, что возможно употребление обеих форм:

I’m going to visit my friend at the weekend. На выходных я собираюсь навестить приятеля.

I’m visiting my friend at the weekend. На выходных я иду к приятелю.

3.1.4. Оборот to be to используется для выражения официально запланированных будущих действий. Часто употребляется в сообщениях новостей:

The Queen is to visit Portugal in November. Королева Великобритании посетит Португалию в ноябре.

The Students Games are to take place in Melbourne next year. Студенческие игры состоятся в Мельбурне в следующем году.

Оборот to be about to используется для выражения ближайших действий в будущем, которые вот-вот произойдут:

The plane is at the end of the runway. It is about to take off. Самолет уже в конце взлетной полосы. Он вот-вот поднимется в воздух.

Do you want to say goodbye to our visitors? They’re about to leave. Попрощайся с нашими гостями, они уже уходят.

Exercises

10.1 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of be going to and the verbs in brackets:

1. I …… (buy) a new car next month.

2. When …… (you / tidy) your bedroom? It’s very messy!

3. Bob …… (play) football on Saturday because he has hurt his leg.

4. Barry and Jason …… (visit) their grandparents on Sunday.

5. Denise …… (appear) in the new TV series?

6. Monica …… (sing) in the concert. She has got a sore throat.

7. I …… (walk) to school today. I’ll take the bus.

8. …… (you /help) me wash the dishes after lunch?

9. Helen …… (cook) dinner for some friends tomorrow.

10. Ruth …… (come) with us. She’s too busy at work.

10.2 Read the following sentences. Then, say what these people are going to do using the words from the list:

study all day, post it, sleep, have a party, go to the hairdresser’s, take a taxi

1. Kim and Paul are tired. They are going to sleep.

2. Richard has written a letter. ……

3. Kate has missed the bus. ……

4. Mrs Hunter’s hair is untidy. ……

5. It is Jane’s birthday. ……

6. Bob has an exam tomorrow. ……

10.3 Write sentences with be going to and the words in brackets:

1. It’s Rowland’s birthday next week. (send him a card) ……

2. Look at those dark clouds. (rain very soon) ……

3. John forgot his wedding anniversary. (be in trouble) ……

4. This room is a mess. (who / help tidy up?) ……

5. Alex and Tony can’t afford to stay in a hotel. (buy a tent) ……

6. This fish tastes horrible. (not come to this restaurant again) ……

7. I need to get more exercise. (walk to work from now on) ……

8. I’m very tired this evening. (have an early night) ……

9. We haven’t got any money. (how / get home?) ……

10. I need to use the car tomorrow morning. (buy petrol tonight) ……

11. My parents dislike flying. (travel to Prague by train) ……

12. Leila’s lost her CD player. (buy a new one?) ……

10.4 Write a question with be going to for each situation:

1. Your friend has won some money. You ask:

(what / do with it?) ……

2. Your friend is going to a party tonight. You ask:

(what / wear?) ……

3. Your friend has just bought a new table. You ask:

(where / put it?) ……

4. Your friend has decided to have a party. You ask:

(who / invite?) ……

10.5 Put in the verbs with be going to:

Laura: What are you doing with that camera?

Trevor: …… (I / take) it to work. …… (I / lend) it to Phil. …… (he / take) a few photos with it.

L.: Why can’t he buy his own camera?

T.: He’s got one, but it isn’t working properly. …… (it / be) a while before he can get it repaired.

L.: Well, how long …… (he / keep) ours? When …… (we / get) it back?

T.: …… (he / have) it over the weekend. …… (we / get) it back on Monday.

L.: Well, I hope …… (it / not / get) damaged.

10.6 Read the situations and complete the dialogs. Use be going to:

1. You have decided to tidy your room this morning.

Friend: Are you going out this morning?

You: No, ……

2. You bought a sweater, but it doesn’t fit you very well. You have decided to take it back.

Friend: That sweater is too big for you.

You: I know. ……

3. You have been offered a job, but you have decided not to accept it.

Friend: I hear you’ve been offered a job.

You: That’s right, but ……

4. You have to phone Sarah. It’s morning now, and you have decided to phone her tonight.

Friend: Have you phoned Sarah yet?

You: No, ……

5. You are in a restaurant. The food is awful and you’ve decided to complain.

Friend: This food is awful, isn’t it?

You: Yes, it’s disgusting. …...

10.7 What is going to happen in these situations? Use the words in brackets:

1. There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. (rain) It ……

2. It is 8.30. Tom is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8.45, but the journey takes 30 minutes. (late) He ……

3. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming in through the hole. (sink) The boat ……

4. Lucy and Chris are driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way away. (run out) They ……

10.8 What would you say in these situations? Use these words: be sick, crash, get wet, lose, not stop.

1. Now it’s starting to rain. There’s nowhere to shelter, and you haven’t got an umbrella.

2. You feel awful. There’s a terrible feeling in your stomach.

3. You are playing Scrabble. The game is nearly over and you are 100 points behind.

4. You can see a plane coming down. It’s out of control and falling to the ground.

5. You are waiting for a train. There’s one coming, but you don’t now if it’s one you want. It’s traveling very fast.

10.9 A friend of yours is planning to go on holiday soon. You ask her about her plans. Use the words in brackets to make your questions:

1. (where / go?) Where are you going?

2. (how long / go for?) ……

3. (when / leave?) ……

4. (go / alone?) ……

5. (travel / by car?) ……

6. (where / stay?) ……

Scotland.

Ten days.

Next Friday.

No, with a friend.

No, by train.

In a hotel.

10.10 For each situation write a sentence with the Present Continuous. Use the verbs in brackets:

1. Mike and Harriet have accepted an invitation to Tom’s party next week. (go)

2. Laura has agreed to be in the office on Saturday. (work)

3. Claire has just bought a plane ticket to Cairo dated 15 May. (fly)

4. Mark has arranged a meeting with his boss at four o’clock this afternoon. (see)

5. Matthew and Daniel have booked a tennis court for tomorrow afternoon. (play)

10.11 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous or the Present Simple:

1. Is Gordon coming (Gordon / come) with us tonight? – No, he isn’t (be / not)

2. My sister …… (go) to university in September.

3. What time …… (the play / start) tomorrow?

4. Natalie …… (have) a birthday party on Saturday.

5. Megan …… (sing) in the school concert tomorrow night.

6. The flight to Berlin …… (leave) at six o’clock.

7. The Browns …… (move) to their new house this weekend.

8. What time …… (the ferry / reach) Calais tomorrow afternoon?

10.12 Tom wants you to visit him, but you are very busy. Look at your diary for the next few days and explain to him why you can’t come:

Tom: Can you come on Monday evening? You: Sorry, but I’m playing volleyball. T.: What about Tuesday evening then? Y.: No, not Tuesday. I …… T.: And Wednesday evening? Y.: …… T.: Well, are you free on Thursday? Y.: I’m afraid not. …… T.: So, maybe on Friday? Y.: ……

MY DIARY M volleyball 7.30 pm T work late (till 9 p.m.) W theatre T meet Julia 8 p.m. F free S S

10.13 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous or the Present Simple:

Emma: Are you doing (you / do) anything tonight?

Matthew: Yes, …… (I /go) to the station to meet my friend Richard. …… (he / stay) here for the weekend, remember? His train …… (get) in at eight fifteen.

E.: Oh, of course. I’d forgotten about that.

M.: Maybe we’ll see you later. What …… (you / do) tonight?

E.: Oh, …… (I / go) to the cinema with Vicky and Rachel and a couple of other people. The film …… (finish) quite early, so …… (we / go) to a pizza place afterwards.

10.14 Put the verbs into the more suitable form: Present Continuous or Present Simple:

1. I ’m going (go) to the cinema this evening.

2. Does the film begin (the film / begin) at 3.30 or 4.30?

3. We …… (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?

4. The art exhibition …… (finish) on 3 May.

5. I …… (not / go) out this evening. I …… (stay) at home.

6. …… (you / do) anything tomorrow morning? – No, I’m free. Why?

7. We …… (go) to a concert tonight. It …… (start) at 7.30.

8. I …… (leave) now. I’ve come to say goodbye.

9. A.: Have you seen Liz recently?

 B.: No, but we …… (meet) for lunch next week.

10. – Excuse me. What time …… (this train / get) to London?

11. – Helen, I …… (go) to the supermarket. …… (you / come) with me?

12. – I’m bored with this programme. What time …… (it / end)?

10.15 Complete these sentences on the news. Some are spoken by the newsreader in the studio and some by reporters on the spot. Use be to or be about to with the verbs in brackets:

1. The new museum …… (open) in the autumn.

2. The Prime Minister is at the microphone now. He …… (start) speaking.

3. The leading runner is nearly there now. She …… (win) the race.

4. Taxes …… (go) up from next April.

5. The US President …… (visit) Ireland in the new year.

6. The riot isn’t over yet, but the police are here. They …… (move) in.

7. The talks on world trade …… (take) place later this year.

Future Simple (Indefinite)

Как вы помните из объяснений школьного учителя, Future Simple образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов shall (в первом лице единственного и множественного числа) и will – во втором и третьем лице, а в американском варианте языка употребляется will во всех лицах. Но в современном британском языке в 1-м лице также употребляют will, тем более что и в речи, и на письме они оба сокращаются до 'll. Глагол shall совсем не исчез, он используется в официальной речи, либо со своим смысловым оттенком, о котором расскажем ниже.

Чтобы образовать вопросительную форму, вспомогательный глагол will ставят перед подлежащим:

Will I see you tomorrow? Увижу ли я вас завтра?

Will you go for a walk? – Yes, I'll go for a walk. Ты пойдешь на прогулку? – Да. Я пойду на прогулку.

Will в вопросе с you может означать вежливую просьбу:

Will you please open the window? Откройте, пожалуйста, окно.

Отрицательная форма строится как обычно с частицей not, которая чаще всего сливается с will и образует форму won’t:

I can see you are busy, so I won’t stay long. Я вижу, ты занят, поэтому я не надолго.

You will not (won’t) be late. Ты не опоздаешь.

3.2.1. Мы употребляем Future Simple, чтобы сказать о том, что мы знаем или думаем о будущем. Тут нет значения запланированности, как в случае с Present Continuous или Present Simple. Мы только констатируем действие, которое произойдет (или не произойдет) в будущем. На будущее время часто указывают обстоятельства: tomorrow завтра, next week на следующей неделе, next year в будущем году, in a week через неделю, in a few days через несколько дней, some day когда-нибудь, one of these days на днях (не путайте с выражением the other day на днях, так как это говорится по отношению к прошлому). Например:

Where will you be this time next year? – I’ll be in Japan. Где Вы будете в это время в следующем году? – В Японии.

I’ll be free tonight. Я буду свободен сегодня вечером.

He will sell his little cottage some day. Он продаст свой домик когда-нибудь.

He will return to Moscow in a few days. Он вернется в Москву через несколько дней.

That plate is hot. If you touch it, you’ll burn yourself. Блюдо горячее. Если тронете его – обожжетесь.

Tom won’t pass the exam. He hasn’t studied hard enough. Том не сдаст экзамен. Он не достаточно хорошо занимался.

Future Simple используется для выражения регулярно повторяющихся действий в будущем:

I will write to you every day. Я буду писать тебе каждый день.

He’ll take English lessons twice a week. Он будет брать английские уроки два раза в неделю.

Или ряда последовательных действий в будущем:

He’ll ring you up and tell you everything. Он позвонит тебе и расскажет все.

He will take a book, open it and begin to read it. Он возьмет книгу, откроет ее и начнет читать.

3.2.2. Употребляйте Future Simple, когда вы решили что-либо сделать непосредственно во время разговора:

Oh, I’ve left the door open. I’ll go and shut it. Я оставил дверь открытой. Пойду закрою.

What would you like to drink? – I’ll have an orange juice, please. Что будете пить? – Апельсиновый сок, пожалуйста.

Did you phone Lucy? – Oh no, I forgot. I’ll phone her now. Ты позвонил Люси? – Ах, нет, я забыл. Я ей сейчас позвоню.

3.2.3. Future Simple часто употребляется со словами, выражающими возможность, предположение, уверенность, надежду: probably возможно, expect надеяться, be sure быть уверенным, think думать, полагать, wonder интересоваться. Например:

I’ll probably be home late tonight. Сегодня я, возможно, приду домой поздно.

I haven’t seen Carol today. I expect she’ll phone this evening. Я не видел сегодня Кэрол. Надеюсь, она позвонит вечером.

Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you’ll pass. Не волнуйся об экзамене. Я уверен, ты его сдашь.

Do you think Sarah will like the present we bought her? Думаешь, Саре понравится подарок, который мы ей купили?

I don’t think the exam will be very difficult. Не думаю, что экзамен будет очень сложным.

I wonder what will happen. Интересно, что случится.

После I hope надеяться, как правило, употребляется настоящее время (хотя will тоже возможно):

I hope Kate passes the exam. Надеюсь, Кейт сдаст экзамен.

I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow. Надеюсь, завтра не будет дождя.

3.2.4. Не употребляйте Future Simple, когда говорите о ранее запланированных действиях:

I’m going on holiday next Saturday. В следующую субботу я еду на каникулы.

Are you going to watch television this evening? Ты собираешься смотреть вечером телевизор?

3.2. 5. Не употребляйте Future Simple в придаточных предложениях условия или времени после while, before, until, as soon as, after, if, by the time, when. В этих случаях употребляется Present Simple или Present Perfect, но переводится будущим временем. Но если when используется как вопросительное слово, после него употребляется Future Simple:

We’ll go out when it stops raining. Мы выйдем, когда перестанет идти дождь.

When will I know the results? – I can’t tell when it will be ready. Когда я узнаю результаты? – Я не могу сказать, когда они будут готовы.

I’ll wait until you finish / have finished. Я подожду, пока ты закончишь.

Sure, I’ll give it to him when I see him this afternoon. Разумеется, я отдам ему это, когда увижу его после обеда.

Jill has been away a long time. When she returns, she’ll find a lot of changes here. Джил отсутствовала долгое время. Когда она вернется, то обнаружит здесь множество перемен.

Before I go, I’d like to visit the museum. Прежде чем я уеду, мне бы хотелось посетить музей.

Wait here till I come back. Жди здесь, пока я не вернусь.

Can I borrow the book when you’ve finished with it? Могу я одолжить книгу, когда ты ее дочитаешь?

3.2.6. Хотя в британском английском языке при образовании форм будущего времени в 1-м лице единственного и множественного числа глагол will под влиянием американского английского практически вытеснил глагол shall, он сохраняется в вопросах, просьбах дать указание, совет или разрешение, а также в случаях, когда говорящий вызывается сделать что-либо. Например:

Shall we dance? Потанцуем? Не потанцевать ли нам? (приглашение танцевать)

Will we dance? Мы будем танцевать? (просто вопрос)

Shall I open the window? Мне открыть окно? Должен ли я открыть окно?

Shell we go? – Just a minute. I’m not ready yet. Так мы идем? – Минуту, я еще не готова.

Сравните в этом значении Shall I …? и Will you …?:

Shall I shut the door? (значение: Do you want me to shut it? В ы хотите, чтобы я закрыл дверь?)

Will you shut the door? (значение: I want you to shut it. Я хочу, чтобы Вы закрыли дверь.)

3.2.7. Страдательный залог Future Simple образуется по формуле to be (F. S.) + V 3. Например:

The room will be cleaned tomorrow. Комнату уберут завтра.

All the students will be examined on Monday. Всех студентов проэкзаменуют в понедельник.

I will be given a bicycle for my birthday. На день рождения мне подарят велосипед.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются по общим правилам:

You won’t be taken for a walk. Тебя не поведут гулять.

Will we be allowed to park there? Нам разрешат там припарковаться?

Exercises

11.1 What will life be like in the 21^st century? Look at the prompts and make sentences using will or won’t:

1. People / live longer 2. Robots / do most of the work 3. People / use electric cars 4. Pollution / disappear 5. People / die of serious diseases 6. Children / stop going to school 7. People / go on holiday to the moon

+ + – + – – +

11.2 Complete the sentences with I’ll + a suitable verb:

1. I’m too tired to walk home. I think …… a taxi.

2. It’s cold in this room. – Is it? …… on the heating then.

3. We haven’t got any milk. – Oh, I forgot to buy some. …… and get some now.

4. Shall I do the washing-up? – No, it’s all right. …… it later.

5. I don’t know how to use this computer. – OK, …… you.

6. Would you like tea or coffee? - …… coffee, please.

7. Goodbye! Have a nice holiday. – Thanks. …… you a postcard.

8. Thanks for letting me borrow your camera. …… it back to you on Monday, OK?

9. Are you coming with us? – No, I think …… here.

11.3 In pairs, ask and answer questions using the prompts as in the example:

A: He won’t come to work today.

B: Will he come to work tomorrow, then?

1. He / not come / to work today.

2. She / not cook / a meal today.

3. They / not go out / tonight.

4. She / not visit / them tonight.

5. I / not study / tonight.

11.4 In pairs, ask and answer questions using the prompts below, as in the example:

A: Will you have a party on your birthday this year?

B: Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

1. have a party on your birthday this year?

2. go to university when you finish school?

3. travel abroad if you have enough money?

4. go out with your friends at the weekend?

5. watch TV this evening?

6. study hard for next term’s exams?

7. learn how to drive next summer?

11.5 Fill in the gaps with will (‘ll) or won’t:

1. You are late. You …… get there in time.

2. The ice-cream is melting. – I …… put it in the freezer.

3. Tom doesn’t like his job, perhaps he …… start looking for the better job.

4. I …… be able to help you tomorrow because I’m busy.

5. We haven’t got any milk. – I …… buy some.

6. Put on your coat or you …… get cold.

7. I’m afraid I …… have time to go shopping with you next Saturday.

8. I expect I …… see Brenda at the party the day after tomorrow.

9. It’s Fay’s birthday next week. I …… send her a birthday card.

10. Stuart is very tired. I think he …… go to bed early tonight.

11.6 Complete the sentences with will (‘ll) + the following verbs:

help go lend order take show be come get like live look meet pass

1. I’ve lost my wallet. – I …….you find it.

2. Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you ……

3. I’ve forgotten my umbrella. – I …… you mine.

4. Why don’t you try on this jacket? It …… nice on you.

5. You must meet George sometime. I think you ……him.

6. We haven’t got any milk. – Never mind. I …… and buy some.

7. It’s raining. Don’t go out. You …… wet.

8. Do you think people …… longer in the future?

9. Goodbye. I expect we …… again before long.

10. The dog is ill. – I …… it to the vet.

11. I’ve invited Sue to the party, but I don’t think she ……

12. Have you got a new car? – Yes, I …… it to you later.

13. I don’t want to cook tonight. – OK. I …… a pizza, then.

14. When the new road is finished, my journey to work …… much shorter.

11.7 Read the situations and write sentences with I think I’ll … or I don’t think I’ll …:

1. It’s a bit cold. The window is open and you decide to close it. You say:

I think I’ll ……

2. You are feeling tired and it’s getting late. You decide to go to bed. You say:

I think ……

3. A friend of yours offers you a lift in his car, but you decide to walk. You say:

Thank you, but I ……

4. You arranged to play tennis today. Now you decide that you don’t want to play. You say:

I don’t think ……

5. You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don’t want to go. You say:

……

11.8 Put in will (‘ll) or won’t:

1. Can you wait for me? I …… be very long.

2. There’s no need to take an umbrella with you. It …… rain.

3. If you don’t eat anything now, you …… be hungry later.

4. I’m sorry about what happened yesterday. It …… happen again.

5. I’ve got some incredible news! You …… never believe what happened.

6. Don’t ask Amanda for advice. She …… know what to do.

11.9 What does will/be going to express in each sentence?

1. I’ll have some cheesecake. (on-the-spot decision / promise)

2. Don’t go out! You’ll catch a cold. (intention / warning)

3. Pamela is going to have a baby in June. (evidence / threat)

4. You will meet a very rich and handsome man. (prediction / intention)

5. Stop that noise or I’ll send you to your room. (on-the spot decision / threat)

6. Mary’s going to buy a present for Tom this afternoon. (intention / promise)

7. I’ll help you cut the tree tomorrow. (prediction / promise)

8. Tidy your room or I won’t let you go to the party. (threat / request)

9. Your daughter will have a very successful career. (warning / prediction)

10. I’ll buy a present for my mother. (on-the-sport decision / prediction)

11. Will you take out the rubbish? (suggestion / request)

12. Shall I carry your shopping bags for you? (offer / suggestion)

11.10 Fill in the gaps with will or be going to and one of the verbs from the list:

visit answer be write study finish

1. The phone is ringing. – OK. I ……it.

2. You haven’t finished your homework yet. – I know. I …… it after I have a bath.

3. Do you like singing? – Yes, I do. I …… a singer.

4. Do you want to go out for dinner tonight? – I can’t. I …… for my exams.

5. Please write to us. – I promise we …… regularly.

6. Have you made plans for Christmas? – Yes, I …… my parents in Brighton.

11.11 In pairs, ask and answer questions using the prompts below, as in the example:

A: Are you going to pay the bill?

B: Yes, that’s what I’m going to do.

A: Are you going to complain to the manager?

B: No, that’s not what I’m going to do.

1. pay the bill (+)

2. complain to the manager (-)

3. take the skirt back to the shop (+)

4. buy the jumper (+)

5. ask the bank manager for a loan (-)

6. order the food (+)

7. book the airline tickets (-)

11.12 Complete the sentences using will (‘ll) or be going to:

1. Why are you turning on the television? – I …… the news. (I / watch)

2. Oh, I’ve just realised. I haven’t got any money. – Haven’t you? Well, don’t worry. …… you some. (I / lend)

3. I’ve got a headache. – Have you? Wait a second and …… an aspirin for you. (I / get)

4. Why are you filling that bucket with water? - …… the car. (I / wash)

5. I’ve decided to repaint this room. – Oh, have you? What colour …… it? (you / paint)

6. Where are you going? Are you going shopping? – Yes, …… something for dinner. (I / buy)

7. I don’t know how to use this camera. – It’s easy. …… you. (I / show)

8. What would you like to eat? – …… a sandwich, please. (I / have)

9. Did you post that letter for me? – Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. …… it now. (I / do)

10. The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it? – No, it looks as if …… down. (it / fall)

11. Has George decided what to do when he leaves school? – Yes. Everything is planned. …… a holiday for a few weeks. (he / have) Then …… a computer programming course. (he / do)

12. Why are you buying flour and eggs? – Because …… a cake. (I / make)

13. Did you ask Jackie to the party? – Oh no! I forgot! …… her tonight. (I / ask)

14. I’ve decided what to buy Mum for her birthday. – Really. What …… for her? (you / buy)

15. What are your plans for the weekend? - …… some time with my friends. (I / spend)

16. What are you doing on Friday night? – Oh, …… at home with my family. (I / probably / stay)

17. Have you tidied your room yet? – No, but I promise …… it this afternoon. (I / do)

18. Look at that boy! – Oh yes! …… the tree. (he / climb)

19. Jason is very clever for his age. – Yes. He says …… a doctor when he grows up. (he / become)

20. I’m too tired to cut the grass. – Don’t worry! …… it for you. (I / cut)

11.13 Read the situations and complete the sentences using will (‘ll) or be going to:

1. The phone rings and you answer. Somebody wants to speak to Jim.

- Hello. Can I speak to Jim, please?

- Just a moment. I …… him. (I / get)

2. It’s a nice day, so you have decided to take a walk. Just before you go, you tell your friend.

- The weather’s too nice to stay in. …… a walk. (I / take)

- Good idea. I think …… you. (I join)

3. Your friend is worried because she has lost an important letter.

- Don’t worry about the letter. I’m sure …… it. (you / find)

- I hope so.

4. There is a job advertised in the paper recently. At first you were interested, but then you decided not to apply.

- Have you decided what to do about that job you were interested in?

- Yes, …… for it. (I / not / apply)

5. You and a friend come home very late. Other people in the house are asleep. Your friend is noisy.

- Shh! Don’t make so much noise. …… everybody up. (you / wake)

6. Paul has to go to the airport to catch a plane tomorrow morning.

- Liz, I need somebody to take me to the airport tomorrow morning.

- That’s no problem. …… you. (I / take) What time is your flight?

- 10.45.

- OK, …… at about 9 o’clock then. (we / leave)

Later that day, Joe offers to take Paul to the airport?

-No thanks, Joe. …… me. (Liz / take)

11.14 Fill in the gaps with the Future Simple, be going to or the Present Continuous:

1. The tree is falling. It …… (hit) that car!

2. I can’t meet you today. I …… (have) lunch with my boss in an hour.

3. It’s hot in here. I …… (take off) my sweater.

4. Tom …… (fly) to New York on Friday. He has already bought his ticket.

5. She likes children. She …… (be) a teacher.

6. I’m sure Kim …… (not / let) you drive her new car.

7. I can’t go to the cinema on Saturday. I …… (go) to the shops with my mother.

8. I think it …… (snow) on Christmas Day this year.

11.15 Which is correct?

1. Did you phone Lucy? – Oh no, I forgot. I phone/I’ll phone her now.

2. I can’t meet you tomorrow. I’m playing/I’ll play tennis.

3. I meet/I’ll meet you outside the hotel in half an hour, OK? – Yes, that’s fine.

4. I need some money. – OK, I’m lending/I’ll lend you some. How much do you need?

5. I’m having/I’ll have a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.

6. Remember to get a newspaper when you go out. – OK. I don’t forget/I won’t forget.

7. What time does your train leave/will your train leave tomorrow?

8. I don’t want to go out alone. Do you come/Will you come with us?

9. Are you doing/Will you do anything tomorrow evening? – No, I’m free. Why?

10. Diane isn’t free on Saturday. She’ll work/She’s working.

11. I’ll go/I’m going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too?

12. I think Jenny will get/is getting the job. She has a lot of experience.

13. I can’t meet you this evening. A friend of mine will come/is coming to see me.

14. Have you decided where to go for your holiday? – Yes, we’ll go/we’re going to Italy.

11.16 What do you say in this situation? Write sentences with shall I …? or shall we …?

1. You and a friend want to do something this evening, but you don’t know what.

You ask your friend. What shall we ……

2. You try on a jacket in a shop. You are not sure whether to buy it or not. You ask a friend for advice. ……

3. It’s Helen’s birthday next week. You want to give her a present, but you don’t know what.

You ask a friend for advice. What ……

4. You and a friend are going on holiday together, but you haven’t decided where.

You ask him/her. ……

5. You and a friend are going out. You haven’t decided whether to go by car or to walk. You ask him/her. ……

6. Your friend wants you to phone later. You don’t know what time to phone.

You ask him/her. ……

11.17 Write questions using do you think … will…? + the following:

be back cost end get married  happen like rain

1. I’ve bought Rosa this picture. Do you think she’ll ……?

2. The weather doesn’t look very good. Do you ……?

3. The meeting is still going on. When do you ……?

4. My car needs to be repaired. How much ……?

5. Sally and David are in love. Do ……?

6. I’m going out now. – OK. What time ……?

7. The future situation is uncertain. What ……?

11.18 Ask questions using the prompts, as in the example:

1. The garden is very untidy. (I / cut / the grass) Shall I cut the grass?

2. It’s a lovely evening. (we / go for / a walk) ……

3. I need a hot drink. (I / make / some tea) ……

4. It’s very quiet in here. (I / turn on / the radio) ……

5. The Smiths are back. (we / visit / them) ……

6. I’ve cut my finger. (I / get / a plaster) ……

11.19 Replace the phrases with Will you, Shall I or Shall we, as in the example:

1. Why don’t we spend our holidays in Spain this summer? Shall we spend our holidays in Spain this summer?

2. Do you want me to go to the supermarket for you? ……

3. Can you pick up the children from school for me, please? ……

4. Why don’t we listen to that new CD? ……

5. Do you want me to book the tickets for you? …..

6. Can you take my jacket to the dry-cleaner’s for me, please? ……

11.20 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Future Simple:

1. They …… (go) to school when they …… (be) five years old.

2. I …… (call) you before I …… (leave) for Paris.

3. He …… (write) a letter to her every day while he …… (be) at college.

4. We …… (do) our home work when we …… (get) home.

5. John …… (fix) the tap as soon as he …… (come) back from work.

6. When …… (you / pack) your suitcase?

7. I …… (not / do) anything until you …… (be) ready.

8. When …… (you / phone) me?

9. I promise I …… (buy) you a present when I …… (return) from my holiday.

10. When she ……. (pass) her driving test, she …… (buy) a car.

11. I …… (phone) you when I …… (get) home from work.

12. I want to see Julia before she …… (go) out.

13. We’re going on holiday tomorrow. I …… (tell) you all about it when we …… (come) back.

14. Brian looks very different now. When you …… (see) him again, you …… (not / recognise) him.

15. …… (you / be) lonely without me while I …… (be) away?

16. We must do something soon before it …… (be) late.

17. I don’t want to go without you. I …… (wait) until you …… (be) ready.

18. I hope to play tennis tomorrow if the weather …… (be) nice.

19. I’m going out now. If anybody …… (phone) while I …… (be) out, can you take a message?

11.21 Make one sentence from two:

1. It will stop raining soon. Then we’ll go out.

We’ll go out when it stops raining.

2. I’ll find somewhere to live. Then I’ll give you my address.

I …… when ……

3. I’ll do the shopping. Then I’ll come straight back home.

…… after ……

4. It’s going to get dark. Let’s go home before that.

…… before ……

5. She must apologise to me first. I won’t speak to her until then.

…… until ……

11.22 Read the situations and complete the sentences:

1. A friend of yours is going on holiday. You want to know what she is going to do.

You ask: What are going to do when you are on holiday?

2. A friend of yours is visiting you. She has to go soon but maybe there’s time for some more coffee.

You ask: Would you like some more coffee before ……?

3. You want to sell your car. Jim is interested in buying it, but he hasn’t decided yet.

You ask: Can you let me know as soon as ……?

4. Your friends are going to New York soon. You want to know where they’re going to stay.

You ask: Where are you going to stay when ……?

5. The traffic is very bad in your town, but they are building a new road at the moment.

You ask: I think things will be better when they …….

11.23 Put in when or if:

1. Don’t worry …… I’m late tonight.

2. Tom might phone while I’m out this evening. …… he does, can you take a message?

3. I’m going to Rome next week. …… I’m there, I hope to visit a friend of mine.

4. I think Jill will get the job. I’ll be very surprised …… she doesn’t get it.

5. I’m gong shopping. …… you want anything, I can get it for you.

6. I’m going away for a few day. I’ll phone …… get back.

7. I want you to come to the party, but …… you don’t want to come, that’s all right.

8. We can eat at home or, …… you prefer, we can go to a restaurant.

11.24 In pairs, ask and answer questions using the prompts below, as in the example.

A: When will you do the gardening?

B: I’ll do it after I’ve done the shopping.

1. do the gardening / do the shopping

2. post the letters / buy the stamps

3. iron the clothes / tidy the bedroom

4. water the plants / make the bed

5. do your homework / have my dinner

6. pay the bills / take the car to the garage

11.25 Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple or the Present Simple:

1. I’m going to the gym tonight. – Well, while you …… (be) there, I …… (do) the shopping.

2. …… (you / call) me when you …… (get) home? – Yes, of course.

3. As soon as John …… (come) in, tell him to come to my office. – Certainly, sir.

4. I’m exhausted. – Me too. I wonder if David …… (come) to help tonight.

5. Are you going to visit Aunt Mabel this afternoon? – Yes, I …… (visit) her before I …… (do) the shopping.

6. Is George going to eat dinner with us? – No, by the time he …… (get) home it …… (be) very late.

7. When …… (you / pay) the rent? – When I …… (get) my pay cheque.

8. What are your plans for the future? – I want to go to the university after I …… (finish) school.

9. If you …… (pay) for dinner, I …… (pay) for the theatre. – Okay, that’s a good idea.

10. Can you give this message to Mike, please? – Well, I’ll try, but I doubt if I …… (see) him today.

11.26 Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple, the Present Simple or the Present Continuous:

1. I …… (see) Roger at seven o’clock tonight. – Really? I thought he was out of town.

2. …… (you / do) anything on Friday morning? – No, I’m free.

3. I …… (go) to the cinema. There’s a new film on. Do you want to come with me? – What time …… (the film / start)?

4. Helen …… (have) a party the day after tomorrow. …… (you / go)? – As a matter of fact, I haven’t been invited.

5. The new exhibition …… (open) on April 3^rd and …… (finish) on May 31^st. – I know. I …… (go) on the first day.

6. Aunt Maggie …… (come) to visit us tomorrow. – I know. What time ….. (she / arrive)?

7. Excuse me, what time …… (the train / leave)? – At the half past three, madam.

8. I’m really thirsty. – I …… (get) you a glass of water.

9. Are you looking forward to your party? – Yes. I hope everyone …… (enjoy) it.

10. What are you doing tonight? – I …… (probably / watch) TV after dinner.

11.27 Complete the sentences using the Future Simple Passive:

1. His new book …… (finish) next year.

2. The telegram …… (receive) tomorrow.

3. This film …… (show) on TV.

4. This play …… (stage) at the beginning of next season.

5. How much …… (you / pay) for your work?

6. The suitcases …… (pack) in ten minutes.

7. She …… (send) an invitation card.

11.28 Choose the correct form:

1. At the station they will (meet / be met) by a man from the travel bureau.

2. She will (meet / be met) them in the hall upstairs.

3. The porter will (bring / be brought) your luggage to your room.

4. Your luggage will (bring / be brought) up in the lift.

5. You may (leave / be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs.

6. They can (leave / be left) the key with the clerk downstairs.

7. From the station they will (take / be taken) straight to the hotel.

8. Tomorrow he will (take / be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Future Continuous

3.3.1. Сравните:

At 10 o’clock yesterday, Sally was in her office. She was working.

It’s ten o’clock now. She is in her office. She is working.

At 10 o’clock tomorrow, she will be in her office. She will be working.

Как Вы догадались, в последней фразе используется Future Continuous. Оно образуется, как и все времена группы Continuous, при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be, но в будущем времени (shall be / will be) и причастия настоящего времени смыслового глагола – Present Participle (IV-я форма или ing-форма) [10].

3.3.2. Употребление Future Continuous схоже с употреблением Past Continuous, только в плане будущего. Оно используется для выражения действия, которое будет протекать в определенный момент времени в будущем, который может быть обозначен:

а) Обстоятельством времени, например: at noon в полдень, at midnight в полночь, at that moment в этот момент, at five o’clock в пять часов, at 3 o’clock tomorrow завтра в 3 часа и т.д. Например:

This time next week I’ll be on holiday. I’ll be lying on the beach or swimming in the sea. В это время на следующей неделе я буду на каникулах. Я буду лежать на пляже или купаться в море.

I’ll be waiting for you at 9 o’clock tomorrow. Я буду ждать тебя завтра в 9 часов.

б) Другим будущим действием, выраженным глаголом в Present Indefinite в придаточных предложениях условия или времени, вводимых союзами условия: if если, on condition that при условии, если и т.п. или времени: as в то время как, когда, until (till) до тех пор пока, before прежде чем, while в то время как, пока, when когда и т.п., например:

When I come back, they will be sleeping. Когда я вернусь, они будут спать.

When I reach London it will probably be raining. Когда я доеду до Лондона, вероятно, будет идти дождь.

в) Другим длительным одновременным действием (которое будет протекать в течение одинакового промежутка времени) выраженным в Present Continuous (Future Continuous в главном предложении и Present Continuous в придаточном):

While my mother is reading a book I’ll be playing the piano. Пока мама будет читать книгу, я буду играть на пианино.

г) Конкретными указаниями на будущее время, понятными из контекста или ситуации:

He will be meeting us at the station. Он будет встречать нас на вокзале.

Good luck with the exam. I’ll be thinking of you. Удачи тебе на экзамене. Я буду думать о тебе.

3.3. 3. Для выражения длительного действия, которое будет протекать в определенный период времени в будущем, не обязательно непрерывно в течение всего этого периода. Время действия обычно поясняется обстоятельственными словами: all day (long) весь день, all day tomorrow завтра весь день, all summer все лето, the whole evening весь вечер, from five till eight с пяти до восьми. Например:

I’ll be studying all day tomorrow. Я буду заниматься весь день завтра.

Don’t phone between 7 and 8. We’ll be having diner. Не звони между семью и восемью часами. Мы будем ужинать.

We’ll be playing all morning. Мы будем играть все утро.

He will be writing a play during the summer. Он будет писать пьесу летом.

Когда действие с таким обозначением времени является одним из двух или нескольких последовательных действий, то употребляется только форма Future Simple:

I’ll come home early, I’ll rest from five till six, and then I’ll work the whole evening. Я приду домой рано, буду отдыхать с пяти до шести, а затем буду работать весь вечер.

3.3. 4. Для выражения действия, которое определенно произойдет в будущем как результат установившейся практики или договоренности. В этом значении оно почти совпадает с Present Continuous:

Shall I inform the rest of the team? – No, I’ll do it. I’ll be seeing them at the meeting anyway. Мне проинформировать остальных членов команды – Нет, я сам это сделаю. В любом случае, я их увижу на собрании.

3.3. 5. Употребляйте Future Continuous, когда хотите вежливо спросить кого-либо о его планах на ближайшее будущее с целью узнать, совпадают ли они с вашими желаниями. Например:

Will you be going out later? – Yes. Why? – Could you get me a sandwich, please? Ты не собираешься сейчас пойти куда-нибудь? – Собираюсь, а что? – Не мог бы ты купить мне сандвич?

3.3.6. Future Continuous не употребляется в страдательном залоге, вместо него употребляется Future Indefinite Passive:

At ten o’clock this morning Nick will be writing the letter. (Active, Future Continuous) Сегодня в 10 утра Ник будет писать письмо.

At ten o’clock this morning the letter will be written by Nick. (Passive, Future Indefinite) Сегодня в 10 утра Ник будет писать письмо. (письмо будет писаться Ником)

Exercises

12.1 You want to ask your friend to do something for you. Use the prompts below to make questions, as in the example:

1. You want your friend to buy something at the supermarket. (go to)

Will you be going to the supermarket?

2. You want your friend to post a letter for you. (go to)

3. You want to use your friend’s bicycle today. (use)

4. You want your friend to give a letter to Jeff soon. (see)

12.2 Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple or the Future Continuous:

Kevin: Shall we go to the beach tomorrow?

Ruth: Well, I’m working in the morning, but I …… (phone) you when I finish.

K.: Shall we ask Ben and Linda to come with us?

R.: Yes. I …… (see) Linda at work in the morning, so I …… (ask) her then.

K.: If they want to come I …… (pick) you up from work and we can all go together.

R.: Great! Just think, we …… (swim) in the see this time tomorrow! I can’t wait!

12.3 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense:

1. Are you looking forward to your holiday? – Oh, yes! This time next week I …… (lie) on the beach.

2. We’re having a party on Saturday. – Oh, good. I …… (make) a cake to bring along.

3. Have you finished that report yet? – Yes. I …… (give) it to you in a minute.

4. Why are you buying all those vegetables? – Because I …… (make) vegetable soup.

5. This writing is too small for me to read. – Give it to me and I …… (read) it to you.

6. I …… (stay) at Claire’s house tonight. – Alright. I won’t expect you home, then.

7. Would you like to join me for lunch today? – Yes, please. I …… (meet) you at half past one.

8. …… (you / help) me with the shopping tomorrow? – Of course.

9. Are you excited about your trip? – Yes. This time tomorrow I …… (sit) on the plane.

10. I can’t hear the television very well. – I …… (turn up) the volume.

Future Perfect

3.4.1. Сравните:

Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years.

When their son was born, they had been married for three years.

Next year they will have been married f