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Read and guess the meanings of the following words.

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idea cylinder
atmosphere mosaic
periodic element
theory alcohol
energy system
prize physiology
economics equivalent

A. Find in the right column Russian equivalents of the following word combinations.

B. Find in the left column English equivalents of the following word combinations.

achievement вещество
basic возвращаться
concept волна
founder входной
input выходной
inventor главный
line груз
load движение
matter допускать
mine достижение
motion изобретатель
output концепция
relation линия
solution наблюдать
to accept определять
to admit основатель
to determine основывать
to discover отвергать
to drive открывать
to establish отношение
to observe предотвращать
to predict предсказывать
to prevent принимать
to reject решение
to return управлять
wave шахта

8. Read the text and say what you have learnt about Lomonosov `s contribution to science.

Text

M.V. Lomonosov (1711—1765)

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was a famous Russian writer, chemist and astronomer who made a lot in literature and science.

Lomonosov was born on November 19, 1711, in Denisovka (now Lomonosov), near Archangelsk, and studied at the University of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. After studying in Germany at the Uni­versities of Marburg and Freiberg, Lomonosov returned to St. Petersburg in 1745 to teach chemistry and built a teaching and research laboratory there four years later.

Lomonosov is often called the founder of Russian sci­ence. He was an innovator in many fields. As a scientist he rejected the phlogiston theory of matter commonly accepted at the time and he anticipated the kinetic theo­ry of gases. He regarded heat as a form of motion, sug­gested the wave theory of light, and stated the idea of conservation of matter. Lomonosov was the first person to record the freezing of mercury and to observe the atmosphere of Venus.

Interested in the development of Russian education, Lomonosov helped to found Moscow State University in 1755, and in the same year he wrote a grammar that reformed the Russian literary language by combining Old Church Slavonic with modern language. In 1760 he published the first history of Russia. He also revived the art of Russian mosaic and built a mosaic and colouredglass factory. Most of his achievements, however, were unknown outside Russia. He died in St. Petersburg on April 15, 1765.

 

9. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:

to be a famous Russian chemist; after studying; to build a teaching and research laboratory; the founder of Russian sci­ence; in many fields; to rejected the phlogiston theory of matter; to anticipate the kinetic theo­ry of gases; to regard heat as a form of motion; to sug­gest the wave theory of light; to state the idea of conservation of matter; to record the freezing of mercury; to observe the atmosphere of Venus; to be interested in the development of Russian education;

 

Match pairs of words having similar meanings.

to return growth
To reject to unite
To anticipate to come back
To regard mill
development to refuse
to combine to consider
factory to foresee

11. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:

быть заинтересованным в развитии образовании Росси; наблюдать атмосферу Венеры; определить температуру замерзания ртути; предложил волновую теорию света; предвидеть кинетическую теорию газов; отрицать теорию; во многих отраслях; основатель; быть известным русским химиком; после обучения в университете; основать учебно исследовательскую лабораторию.

Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words and phrases.

1. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was a famous Russian (писатель, химик и астроном) who made a lot in (литературе) and (науке).

2. (После обучения) in Germany at the Uni­versities of Marburg and Freiberg, Lomonosov (вернулся) to St. Petersburg in 1745 to teach chemistry and (основал) a teaching and research laboratory.

3. Lomonosov (называют основателем) of Russian sci­ence.

4. He (отрицал) the phlogiston theory of matter and (предвидел) the kinetic theo­ry of gases.

5. He (считал) heat as a form of motion.

6. In 1760 Lomonosov (опубликовал) the first history of Russia.

7. He (умер) in St. Petersburg on April 15, 1765.


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