I. Read and translate the text using the vocabulary given below.

The internal-combustion engine is powered by the burning of a precise mixture of liquefied fuel and air in the cylinders’ combustion chambers. Fuel is stored in a tank until it is needed, then pumped to a carburetor or, in newer cars, to a fuel-injection system.

The carburetor controls the mixture of gas and air that travels to the engine. It mixes fuel with air at the head of a pipe, called the intake manifold, leading to the cylinders. A vacuum created by the downward strokes of pistons draws air through the carburetor and intake manifold. Inside the carburetor, the airflow transforms drops of fuel into a fine mist, or vapor. The intake manifold delivers the fuel vapor to the cylinders, where it is ignited.

All new cars produced today are equipped with fuel injection systems instead of carburetors. Fuel injectors spray carefully calibrated bursts of fuel mist into cylinders either at or near openings to the combustion chambers. Since the exact quantity of gas needed is injected into the cylinders, fuel injection is more precise, easier to adjust, and more consistent than a carburetor, delivering better efficiency, gas mileage, engine responsiveness, and pollution control.

Fuel-injection systems vary widely, but most are operated or managed electronically. High-performance automobiles are often fitted with air-compressing equipment that increases an engine’s output. By increasing the air and fuel flow to the engine, these features produce greater horsepower. Superchargers are compressors powered by the crankshaft. Turbochargers are turbine-powered compressors run by pressurized exhaust gas.

II. Study the new words and word combinations.

precise –точный, определенный

liquefied fuel -превращенное в жидкость топливо

intake manifold - впускной коллектор

pump – поступать

tank - бак

mix - смешивать

downward strokes – движения (ход) вниз

fine mist – густой пар,(очищенная смесь)

to be equipped – оснащены

fuel injection system – система впрыска топлива

calibrated bursts of fuel mist – дозированное количество горючей смеси

opening- клапан

exact quantity of gas needed – необходимое количество газа

adjust - приспособить

gas mileage – экономия топлива

engine responsiveness - сохранение активного состояния двигателя

High-performance automobiles – автомобили высокого класса

engine’s output – мощность двигателя

Supercharger – нагнетатель, компрессор наддува

Turbocharger – турбо-компенсатор

 

III. Match two parts of the sentences using the information from the text.

 

1) Fuel is stored in a tank 2) Fuel-injection systems 3) The carburetor controls the mixture 4) The internal-combustion engine is powered 5) High-performance automobiles are often fitted

a) of gas and air that travels to the engine. b) with air-compressing equipment that increases an engine’s output. c) are operated or managed electronically. d) by the burning of a precise mixture of liquefied fuel and air in the cylinders’ combustion chambers. e) until it is needed.

 

TEXT V

Exhaust System

I. Read the text paying attention to the words given. Learn these words by heart.

 

The exhaust system carries exhaust gases from the engine’s combustion chamber to the atmosphere and reduces, or muffles, engine noise. Exhaust gases leave the engine in a pipe, traveling through a catalytic converter and a muffler before exiting through the tailpipe.

Chemical reactions inside the catalytic converter change most of the hazardous hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide produced by the engine into water vapor and carbon dioxide.

The conventional muffler is an enclosed metal tube packed with sound-deadening material. Most conventional mufflers are round or oval-shaped with an inlet and outlet pipe at either end. Some contain partitions to help reduce engine noise.

Car manufacturers are experimenting with an electronic muffler, which uses sensors to monitor the sound waves of the exhaust noise. The sound wave data are sent to a computer that controls speakers near the tailpipe. The system generates sound waves 180 degrees out of phase with the engine noise. The sound waves from the electronic muffler collide with the exhaust sound waves and they cancel each other out, leaving only low-level heat to emerge from the tailpipe.