III. Insert “to” where it is necessary.

1. We let them … move in the same direction.

2. They made us … make right turn.

3. Cars moving in the opposite direction can … have the right of way.

4. The car must … wait at the "STOP" line.

5. The traffic light can … contain additional lights.

6. You had better … watch the signal of an arrow.

7. They would rather … stay at home.

8. The driver had sooner … allow pedestrians to cross the street when-the green lights are on.

9. The traffic in any direction may … move only when the green lights are on.

10. It is forbidden … stop on the left-hand side of the street.

11. A stranger saw her … cross the street at the pedestrian crossings.

12. I heard him … break.

13. I felt him … put his hand on my shoulder.

14. The driver was made … stop.

15. The instructor was seen … stop on the left-hand side of the street.

16. It is getting dark you had better … lower the speed.

17. Help the old women … cross the street.

18. Drivers and pedestrians must always … pay attention to warning signals of special service cars (fire engines, ambulances, etc.)which have the right of way.

19. Horn signaling may be used only outside city li­mits.

20. I watched him … make a left turn.

 

IV. Make up Participle I.

Поворачивая направо, управляя автомобилем, следуя маршруту, наблюдая за дорогой, не создавая опасности движению других автомобилей, исполняя его приказы, держа в руках жезл, набирая скорость, позволяя пешеходам перейти дорогу, двигаясь по одной линии в одном направлении, соблюдая дорожные знаки, сигналы и светофоры, подавая сигнал, переходящий дорогу пешеход, ожидая разрешающего сигнала светофора.

 

V. Translate the following sentences into English.

 

1. На пешеходном переходе запрещено останавливаться. 2. Лучше бы вам двигаться в этом направлении. 3. Поворачивая, водитель должен уступить дорогу пешеходам. 4. Вам лучше остановиться у стоп-линии. 5. Они заставили нас использовать клаксон. 6. Я видел, как инспектор повернул направо. 7. Пассажиры почувствовали, что водитель увеличил скорость. 8. Что может быть использовано в этом случае? 9. Они слышали, что водитель подал предупреждающий сигнал. 10. Участников гонки заставили следовать выбранному маршруту. 11. Я предпочел бы проверить состояние своего автомобиля перед путешествием. 12. Мы наблюдали, как он соблюдал дорожные знаки, сигналы и светофоры. 13. Обязанности регулировщика регулировать движение. 14. Она достаточно умна, чтобы понять свою ошибку. 15. Мне есть, что ему сказать. 16. Я не ожидал, что полицейский меня остановит. 17. Он попросил меня немного подождать. 18. Он слишком устал, чтобы работать. 19. Они остановились, чтобы заправиться. 20. Том был первым, кто пришел к финишу.

TEXT II

Driving in New South Wales

I. Read and translate the text:

Visitors driving in New South Wales must observe the licence requirements for visitors. You must carry your licence with you when you are driving. There is an on-the-spot fine for not having your licence with you. Additionally, if your licence is not in English, you must carry an English translation when driving in Australia.

If you are uncertain of any requirement or have other road safety inquiries, telephone the Roads and Traffic Authority, NSW on 132 213.

Speed limits.

Drive at or below the posted speed limit. Slow down more in wet weather. The Police regularly conduct speed checks using speed cameras, radar and lasers along all types of roads.

The general speed limit in cities and towns is 60 km/h but many local and suburban roads have a 50 km/h speed limit.

The maximum speed on highways in New South Wales is 100 km/h. The maximum speed limit on motorways and freeways is 110 km/h. Heavy penalties apply to drivers exceeding the limits.

Rest every two hours! Australia is a vast country and car trips outside major cities may take several hours or even days.

Driver fatigue is a serious road safety concern, involved in nearly a fifth of fatal crashes in Australia. If you are driving long distances (such as from a Regional area to Sydney, or to a park and ride interchange location), try to have a passenger with a current driver's licence share the driving with you. You should both have a full night's sleep the previous night, particularly if you are likely to be driving at times when you would normally be asleep.

Take at least a 15 minute break from driving every two hours. This is important even if you are near your destination, as fatigue crashes can occur near a journey's end.

It is also possible for fatigue crashes to happen on short journeys, or near the start of a trip. The way to avoid these is simply not to drive if you feel tired and know your concentration is not at its best.

To find out about the distances between major interstate centres in Australia, use our Time & Distance Calculator.

Australia has strict laws about drinking alcohol and driving. Australian Police are authorised to stop any vehicle and breath test the driver at any time. There is no absolute safe level of alcohol consumption for competent driving. For fully licensed car drivers the legal limit is 0.05 g/100ml. For special licence categories the legal limit is 0.02 (which in practice means no alcohol at all). Learner and provisional drivers or riders (which includes equivalent L and P drivers and riders visiting NSW) must not exceed zero blood alcohol. If tested by the Police, drivers must be below their allowable legal limit.

If you are going to drink any alcohol the best advice is to plan not to drive at all. Guides are available for drinking very moderate quantities of alcohol over time and remaining below the 0.05 legal BAC level (for fully licensed car drivers) but because everybody's metabolism differs the effects of alcohol will not be the same in every case.

The police perform regular roadside "random breath testing" (RBT) of drivers in metropolitan and rural areas. There are heavy penalties for drink driving, including imprisonment (see Laws and Penalties for Alcohol).

TEXT III

Seatbelts

I. Read and translate the text:

It is a requirement for everyone, including visitors, to use seatbelts at all times. Baby capsules or child restraints must be used for all children.

Motorways and freeways

Because traffic travels at high speed on motorways and freeways, you must be especially alert.

Do not stop on a motorway or freeway, except in an emergency. If you must stop, move off the roadway completely

Do not make a 'U' turn or reverse on a motorway or freeway

Keep to the left, unless overtaking

Hazards

Warning signs usually tell you that there may be dangers ahead. Pictures, diagrams and symbols are used to alert you to danger.

 

Some of the most commonly seen warning signs are shown below:

TEXT IV

Traffic Signals

I. Read and translate the text:

A red traffic light means stop, green means go and yellow means you must stop if you can safely do so.

Arrows indicate whether traffic turning right or left is allowed to go (depending on which direction the arrow is pointed). For example, if the traffic lights are green, but an arrow pointing right is red, then traffic turning right is not allowed to go, but traffic going straight ahead is.

In cases where there are no left, or right arrows, a red light will mean 'stop' for everyone, and a green light will mean 'go' for everyone.

A flashing yellow arrow means you can turn, but watch carefully for pedestrians and give way to them.

Cycling provides an environmentally friendly alternative mode of transport while delivering health and fitness benefits to the community.

Cycling has a significant role to play in the New South Wales Government’s pursuit of a number of initiatives to decrease car dependence and improving the environment in accordance with the NSW State Plan.

The RTA, in conjunction with the NSW State Government has developed a four point action plan for bicycles in NSW that includes:

· Improving the NSW cycle way network.

· Making it safer to cycle.

· Increase community awareness of bicycles and bicycle use.

· Improving personal and environmental health.

· The NSW cycle way network

The NSW cycle way network stretches through metropolitan Sydney and regional NSW. The RTA is committed to ensuring provisions are made for bicycles in all new major infrastructures and maintenance works.

In recognition of the fact that most cycling takes place on local roads, the RTA offers joint funding to NSW Councils for the development and implementation of their local bicycle networks.

To help bicycle riders travelling around their communities, the RTA and many councils have produced cycle way maps. These maps are correct at time of publication and are updated as regularly as possible. For local area maps please contact your local council.

Throughout the year the RTA supports a number of events that promote bike usage among the community. The list and details of the events can be found in the ‘cycling events’ link at the top right hand corner.

 

TEXT V

Driving Cars In England.

I. Read and translate the text:

It is about the same to drive a car in England as anywhere else. To change a punctured tire in the wind and rain gives about the same pleasure outside London as outside Rio de Janeiro; it is not more fun to try to start up a cold motor with the handle in Moscow than in Manchester; the roughly 50-50 proportion between driv­ing an average car and pushing it is the same in Sydney and Edinburgh.

There are, however, a few characteristics which distin­guish the English motorists from the continental, and some points which the English motorists have to remember.

(1) In English towns there is a thirty miles an hour speed-limit and the police keep a watchful eye on lawbreakers. The fight against feckless driving is directed extremely skillfully and carefully according to the very best English detective traditions. It is practically impos­sible to find out whether you are being followed by a po­lice car or not. There are, however, a few indications which may help people of extraordinary intelligence and with very keen powers of observation:

(a) The police always use a 13 h.p. blue Wolseley car,

(b) three uniformed policemen sit in it; and

(c) on these cars you, can read the word POLICE written in large letters in front and rear, all in capitals — lit up during the hours of darkness.

(2) I think England is the only country in the world where you have to leave your lights on, even if you parking a brilliantly lit-up street. The advantage being that your battery gets exhausted, you cannot start up again and consequently the number of road accidents is greatly reduced. Safety first!

(3) Only motorists can answer this puzzling question: what are taxis for? A simple pedestrian knows that they Tare certainly not there to carry passengers.

Taxis, in fact, are a Christian institution. They are here to teach drivers modesty and humanity. They teach us never to be overconfident, they remind us that we never can tell what the next moment will bring for us, whe­ther we shall be able to drive on, or a taxi will bump into us from the back or the side.(4) There is a huge ideological warfare going on be­hind the scenes of the motorist world.

Whenever you stop your car in the City, the West End II or many other places, two or three policemen rush at you Rand tell you.that you must not park there. Where may j| you park? They shrug their shoulders. There are a couple of spots on the South Coast and in a village called Minchinhampton. Three cars may park there for half an hour every other Sunday morning between 7 and 8 a.m.

The police are perfectly right. After all, cars have been built to run, and run fast, so they should not stop.

This healthy philosophy of the police has been se­riously challenged by a certain group of motorists who maintain that cars have been built to park and not move. These people drive out to Hampstead Heath or Richmond on beautiful, sunny days; pull up all their windows and go to sleep. They do not get a spot of air; they arc mi­serably uncomfortable; they have nightmares, and the whole procedure is called "spending a lovely afternoon in the open."

 

UNIT V

MEANS OF TRANSPORT

TEXT I