Pay attention to the new words for better understanding.

1. tissue – ткань

2. elongated cells – удлиненные клетки

3. contraction (contract) – сокращение (сокращаться)

4. major reasons – главные причины

5. propel– двигать(ся), приводить в движение

6. motion (movement) – движение

7. move – двигаться

8. make up –образовывать, составлять

9. voluntary(involuntary) – произвольно (непроизвольно) сокращающийся

10. mend – заживать, поправляться

11. striated muscles – поперечнополосатые мышцы

12. smooth muscles – гладкие мышцы

13. cardiac muscles – сердечные мышцы

14. attach – прикрепляться

15. tendon – сухожилие

1. Muscle is a tissue composed of bundles of elongated cells capable of contraction and relaxation to produce movement in an organ or a part of the body.

2. Muscles are very important for two major reasons:1. Muscles are the "engine" that our bodies use to propel ourselves. They turn energy into motion. 2. It would be impossible for you to do anything without your muscles.

3. Muscles simply move you! Without muscles you couldn't open your mouth, speak, shake hands, walk, talk, or move your food through your digestive system. There would be no running, climbing, smiling, blinking and breathing. The fact is, without muscles, you wouldn't be alive for very long.

4. On average, 40% of your body weight is in muscles. You have over 650 muscles that move you.

5. The cells that make up muscles contract and then relax back to original size. The cells of your muscles use chemical energy from the food you eat to do this. Without food, and particular kinds of nutrients, your muscles wouldn't be able to make the energy to contract. Muscles can be voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are muscles that you can move whenever you want to. Involuntary muscles contract and relax automatically inside your body. We cannot control our involuntary muscles.

6. Yes. If you hear someone says that they have "pulled" a muscle, they have, in fact, torn a muscle in the same way that you can tear a ligament or break a bone. And, like other living body parts, they generally mend themselves.

7. There are three types of muscles: striated muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. Smooth muscles make up the walls of the internal organs and control their movement. They are involuntary muscles. Striated muscles move bones. They muscles work in pairs. When one contracts, the other relaxes. These muscles are attach ed to bone by tendons. They are voluntary muscles. Cardiac muscles make up the heart and control its contractions.

Make up the vocabulary to the topic “Muscles”. Find the English equivalents of the given words.

1. способныйна что-либо

2. превращать энергию в движение

3. быть живым

4. первоначальный размер

5. расслабляться автоматически

6. «потянуть» мышцу

7. порвать связку

8. сломать кость

9. стенки внутренних органов

10. контролировать движение

Write out all the actions from the text which you couldn’t do without muscles

I couldn’t speak / …

Fill in the table according to the types of muscles

Smooth muscles	Striated muscles	Cardiac muscles
…	…	…

1. They are special fibrous tissues of the body.

2. They are involuntary muscles.

3. They are voluntary muscles.

4. They are attached to bones by tendons.

5. They make up the walls of the internal organs.

6. They manipulate the bones of the skeleton.

7. They control the contractions of the heart.

8. They contract and relax automatically inside your body.

9. You can move these muscles when you want.

10. They turn energy into motion.

11. These muscles work in pairs: when one contracts, the other relaxes.

12. These muscles make up the heart.

Speak about muscles.

TOPIC 10. BLOOD AND ITS ELEMENTS

Fill in the gaps with the missing remarks

Teacher: Good day. Nice to see you.

Student: …

Teacher: I wonder, are your mother and father medical workers?

Student: …

Teacher: As you know, there are families whose members have been medical workers for

generations. People say in this case «it runs in the blood». Let’s see what runs in the

blood.

Study the new words.

1. fluid connective tissue – жидкая соединительная ткань

2. cellular elements – клеточные элементы

3. platelets – пластинки

4. nucleus – ядро

5. lobe – доля

6. life span – продолжительность жизни

7. pierce the skin – прокалывать кожу

8. wound – рана

9. engulf the bacteria – поглощать бактерии

10. features – свойства

11. flexibility – гибкость

12. substance – вещество