Expand law branch location community government

 

Focus monarchy

 

1. the people who control a country, region, or town and make decisions about its laws and taxes

 

2. the people who live in an area

3. an official rule that people must do

 

4. to concentrate on something and pay particular attention to it

5. the place or position where someone or something is or where something

happens

6. a type of government in which a country is ruled by a king or queen

7. to become larger in size

8. a part of the government with a particular responsibility

 

Text 2

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Institutions of government

Every government has institutions and processes for carrying out the functions of government. Many countries have documents called constitutions that spell out the rules that govern the country. The three main branches of the United States government represent the main institutions of many modern countries. Most have a leader, or ruler, a legislature of some kind to make the laws, and courts of law to help enforce the laws.

 

In many nations these institutions are separate, and they have equal amounts of power. In some governments, however, all functions of the government exist in one person or one small group.

 

The nations of the modern world are not all governed in the same way. Some have kings or queens and are called monarchies while others are constitutional states, or democracies. Still others are ruled by dictators. They are distinguished by the different ways in which they make use of the institutions of government.

 

The concept of what a government should be and how it should be formed has changed much throughout history. New ideas and important events have led to new forms of government. The various types of government can be explained by tracking their progress through history.

 

In the earliest types of government, the people had little or no real freedom. There was a clear dividing line between the rulers and the people they ruled. In those nations, the government was organized to benefit the wealth and power of very few people. Most of these rulers were monarchs, another name for kings and queens. Some monarchs acquired power through military might, while others inherited power from their father or mother. Examples of monarchy can be found in the history of many countries. Ancient Egypt was led by monarchs known as pharaohs, who ruled from as far back as 2600 BC until Egypt became part of the Roman Empire in 30 BC. In Egypt and other empires, including China, power stayed in one family for a long time as one member after another became the monarch. These periods were known as dynasties.

 

In about the 4th century BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Plato conceived of another type of government. He thought that rulers should be people who were worthy, instead of people who inherited power or won it through military means. This type of government was called an aristocracy. In theory, a small group of the wisest people would govern a country in an aristocracy. However, the examples of aristocracy throughout history have usually seen power in the hands of a few wealthy people or religious leaders. When a government is composed of a few rulers who seek to benefit only themselves, the type of government is called an oligarchy.

 

2. Скажите, соответствуют ли данные утверждения прочитанному тексту:

1. The concept of what a government should be and how it should be formed has not changed much throughout history.

 

2. In the earliest types of government, the people had much freedom.

3. Many years ago most of the rulers were monarchs.

4. Monarchs acquired their power by elections.

 

5. In Egypt and other empires power didn’t stay in one family for a long

time.

6. Plato thought that rulers should be rich people.

 

7. The examples of aristocracy throughout history have usually seen power in the hands of a few wealthy people or religious leaders.

 

8. Oligarchy is the type of government composed of a few rulers who seek to benefit only themselves.

 

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты:

1. свобода

2. правитель

3. власть

4. военная мощь

 

5. наследовать

6. вместо

7. мудрый

8. получать выгоду

 

4. Заполните пропуски в предложениях следующими словами:

 

Inherited benefit

Dynasty ruler

 

 

Wealthy

 

In theory

 

 

Concept

Freedom

 

1. The first years introduces the basic … of management.

2. My parents gave me total … to do whatever I liked.

3. He had more power than any … of Spain until Franco.

4. He …the business from his father.

 

5. A period of time during which members of the same family rule a country or region is called ….

 

6. …, a small group of the wisest people that govern a country in an aristocracy.

 

7. Only very … people can travel abroad.

8. I’m sure they’ll … from this deal.

 

Text 3

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