Do you know where the Kong mountains are?

Ignore (1) about the geography of Africa has led to some norm (2) errors in mapmaking. One of the errors now seems quite credit (3). In the late 18^th century a Europe (4) explorerreported seeing mountains in the south (5) part of Mali. Based on that report, a mapmaker drew in a long line of mountains. As a sequence (6),these ‘ Kong Mountains ’ as he called them,were drawn on practice (7) all maps of Africa in the nineteenth century. They seemed to be an importance (8) featureof the continent (9) geography. European policy (10) and traders made decisions based on their believe (11) in the existenceof these mountains. Finally, in the late 1880s, a French explorer proof (12) that there were no mountains in this part of Africa. Followingthis discover (13), the ‘ Kong Mountains ’ appear (14) from the maps of Africa.

 

 

8. Выберите подходящее слово из предложенных трех вариантов.

POLAR EXPLORATION

The American (1) ___ Robert Peary discovered the North Pole in 1909. He reached the (2) ___ spot by sledge. A short while afterwards, Amundsen, (3) ___ of Peary’s success, started to look for the Pole. But on the way he discovered that Peary had got there. So he (4) ___ the search and decided to (5) ___ for the South pole instead, which he discovered in December 1911. Strangely enough he (6) ___ it a few weeks before Britain’s Captain Robert Scott who was racing to get there. Captain Scott got to the South Pole in January 1912 only to (7) ___ that Amundsen had beaten him to it. On the return journey, Scott and his four colleagues were (8) ___ by the weather and died.

 

	A explorer	B discoverer	C researcher
	A factual	B actual	C virtual
	A unknown	B negligible	C unaware
	A abolished	B abandoned	C abridged
	A search	B research	C seek
	A arrived	B achieved	C reached
	A uncover	B discover	C recover
	A overcome	B overtaken	C overdone

 

 

9. Выберите подходящее слово из предложенных двух вариантов.

ARCTIC ENCOUNTER

 

In his memory/memoirs (1), the Norwegian explorer, Fredtjof Nansen, tells an interesting story of his survival. Nansen and his companion/company (2), Johansen, had set out to reach the North Pole on foot, but had had to abandon their attempt/temptation (3) when they were 400 kilometers from their destiny/destination (4). They managed to survive the winter in a hut, sustaining/maintaining (5) themselves on meat. Meanwhile, though they were unaware/beware (6) of it, another expedition led by an Englishman, Frederick Jackson, was camped about 150 kilometers away. One day the following summer, Nansen saw dog’s tracks/traces (7) in the snow, and heard a man shouting. He was so excited that he wandered/wondered (8) if he was dreaming. Then he saw a man in the distance/distant (9) and waved to him. Nansen recognized Jackson because they had been introduced on previous occasions/cases (10), but Jackson did not recognize Nansen at first becausehis face was black with the smoke/smog (11) of the camp fire. Then he suddenly said: “Good heavens! You are Nansen, aren’t you?” He afforded /offered (12) to take him back to Europe on his ship.

 

 

10. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из предложенного списка.

GREAT DISCOVERIES AND TRAGEDIES

 

I. CAPTAIN COOK

	survey charted natives continent passage coast

 

In 1768-1771, Captain Cook sailed around the world, (1) ___ New Zealand and surveyed the eastern (2) ___ of Australia, giving names to the Botany Bay and New South Wales. In 1772, he set out to find the southern (3) ___ and discovered Easter Island, Norfolk Island, Hawaii and others. In 1779, after sailing up the American coast to (4) ___ the Bering Strait inunsuccessful search of a (5) ___ to the Atlantic, he was killed on his return to the Hawaiian Islands by (6) ___ who mistook his motives.

II. LIEUTENANT BLIGH

	boat explorer conspiracy navigated voyage adrift circumstances feat crew instruments

 

After the famousmutiny he was cast (7) ___ in an open boat in 1789 and (8) ___ over 5790 km from a point off Tahiti to Timor Island near Java. It was the most amazing open boat (9) ___ of all time, for he had no (10) ___. Many of the loyal (11) ___ who had left “Bounty” to accompanyhim died on the (12) ___.

The British (13) ___ Hudson was less fortunatein similar (14) ___. In 1611, two years after he discovered the Hudson River, on his second voyage to Canada, after his crew’s (15) ___ he was put in an open (16) ___ to be never seen again.

 

11. Выберите подходящее слово из предложенных трех вариантов.

HOT SPRINGS AND GEISERS

Geysers are hot springs, found incurrentlyor recently volcanic (1) ___, that intermittently jet steam and superheated water into the air. It (2) ___ essentially of a tube leading down to the heat source. Ground water, that (3) ___ in the pipe stars to bubble when the critical temperature is reached, heating the upper layers which (4) ___ and jet out of the orifice. This reduces the pressure enough for substantial steam (5) ___, with subsequent eruption. The process then (6) ___.

Yellowstone national park is the oldest and largest national park in the US. It was established in 1872 and (7) ___ nearly 900, 000 hectares. Apart from its spectacular mountain (8) ___, the park has 10 000 hot springs and 200 geysers. ‘Old faithful’ is the most famous of these. Every 33-93 minutes it (9) ___ hot water and steam to aheight of more than 50 meters.

The park is also one of the greatest wildlife (10) ___ in the world, with eagles, pelicans and rare swans, not to (11) ___ bears, bison, grey wolves and hundred more (12) ___.

 

	Aregions	Bdistricts	Cterrains
	Acomposes	Bcomprises	Cconsists
	Acollects	Baccumulates	Cgathers
	Aextend	Bexpand	Cexpel
	Aformation	Borigination	Cemergence
	Aresumes	Brestores	Crecommences
	Alocates	Bembraces	Ccovers
	Ascenery	Blooks	Ceyesight
	Aspills	Bshoots	Cpours
	Aresorts	Breserves	Cshelters
	Amention	Bremind	Creport
	Akinds	Bspecies	Cgenders

 

 

12. Выберите подходящее слово из предложенных двух вариантов.