Exercise 2. Classify the following italicized homonyms. Use Professor Smirnitsky’s classification

1.a) He should give the ball in your honour as the bride. B) The boy was playing with a ball. 2) a) He wished he could explain about his left ear. b) He left the sentence unfinished. 3.a) I wish you could stop lying. b) The yellow mouse was still dead, lying as it had fallen in the crystal clear liquid. 4.a) This time, he turned on the light. b) He wore $ 300 suits with light ties and he was a man you would instinctively trust anywhere. 5.a) He was bound to keep the peace for six months. b) You should bound your desires by reason. 6.a) The pain was almost more than he could bear. b) Catch the bear before you sell his skin. 7.a) To can means to put up in airtight tins or jars for preservation. b) A Man can die but once.

Exercise 3. Choose the correct word in brackets to go with each of the synonyms given below:

1. acute, keen, sharp (knife, mind, sight), 2. Abysmal, deep, profound (ignorance, river, sleep); 3. diminutive, miniature, petite, petty, small, tiny (camera, house, speck, spite, suffix, woman); 4. brisk, nimble, quick, swift (mind, revenge, train, walk).

Exercise 4. Classify the following words and word combinations into synonymic sets and decide which word is the dominant word (the unique beginner). Identify ideographic and stylistic synonyms (Choose either a), b) or c):

a) abhorrence, adoration, affection, attachment, audacity, boldness, bravery, chivalry, compassion, courage, daring, detestation, dislike, enmity, fearlessness, fondness,, gallantry, guts, hate, hatred, heroism, idolatry, ill-will, liking, love, nerve, passion, pluck, spunk, structure, undauntlessness, valance, valour;

b) attend, drag, draw, force out, haul, lug, medicate, minister, nurse, pull, put to use, serve, strain, tend, tug;

c) angry, chic, cross, displeased, dressy, effort-wasting, elegant, fashionable, fruitless, furious, helpless, hurt, impracticable, inapplicable, in a temper, incensed, indignant, infuriated, irate, modish, piqued, resentful, smart, stylish, tiny, unserviceable, unusable, unworkable, useless, worked up, worthless.

Exercise 5. Using the synonyms given below make up word combinations according to the pattern:

the fragrance of flowers

Aroma, fume, odour, perfume, reek, scent, smell, stench, stink, tang.

Exercise 6. Give antonyms of the following words:

Bright (day, student, idea, star); dull (book, lecture, landscape, weather, razor), low (voice, armchair, pressure), narrow (street, mind, vowel), shallow (waters, person), sharp (knife, eyesight, image, wind, tongue).

Exercise 7. Write c, g or r in column C in order to indicate whether the pairs in Columns A and B are complementary, gradable, or relational opposites:

A	B	C
Expensive	cheap
Parent	offspring
Pass	fail

Note: complementary antonyms are complementary in that not alive = dead, present = not absent; gradable adjectives indicate a certain position on a scale/continuum tiny- small -medium- large -huge-gargantuan; relational opposites display symmetry in their meaning: if X is Y’s teacher, then Y is X’s pupil. Pairs of words ending in –er and –ee are usually relational opposites. If Mary is Bill’s employer, then Bill is Mary’s employee.

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate paronym

Campaign, company

1. The election _______ in England lasts about a month. When _____ stays too long, treat them like members of the family and they’ll soon leave.

Canal, channel

2. The Panama ____ was opened in 1914. She looks as if she just swum the English ___.

Cause, course

3. In the ____ of time he will realize it. All the deaths were from natural _____.

Human, humane

4. He is interested in ______ studies. It’s contrary to _____ nature.

Personal, personnel

5. The door was marked “Airline _____ only.” May I ask you a _______ question?

Quite, quiet

6. Keep _____. I ____ forgot about it.

SEMINAR No.6

Lexical Morphology and Word Building in English

A. Points for discussion

1. Lexical morphology and word building. Principles of morphemic analysis. Derived words.

2. Classification of morphemes according to their place in the word structure. Structural classification of morphemes (free, bound, semi-bound morphemes).

3. Derivative relations. Derivational bases. Stem types. Derivational and functional affixes.

4. Productivity and semantic properties of affixes.

Recommended References:

Antrushina et al. Ibid. Chapter 5, pp. 78-86.

Arnold I.V. Ibid. pp.81-67.

Дубенец Э.М. Ibid., pp.5-21

Glossary: derivation, base, morpheme, suffix, prefix, free morpheme, bound morpheme, ultimate constituents, immediate constituents

B. Assignments

Exercise 1. Analyze the morphological structure of the following words: a) reduce the words to immediate constituents and point out the stem type and word building means; b) reduce the word to ultimate constituents.

e.g. a) one liner (n)(остроумный ответ) → affixation: one line (noun stem) + er (suffix)

b) one (numeral stem) + line (noun stem) + er (noun suffix)

all-nighter, open-mindedness, disappointment, unknown, handbook, well-dressed, black, morphologically, superman, good, readable, classification, theatre-goer, accordingly, high-priced

Exercise 2. Define the particular word-building process by which the following words were made. Point out derivational affixes

writer, disappointment, unknown, handbook, well-dressed, black, morphologically, superman, good, readable, classification, theater-goer, accordingly, high-priced.