The (disastrous / dire / serious) effects / consequences of a war

to resume / renew hostilities возобновлять боевые действия: the likelihood of renewed hostilities between the two countries | The rebels have resumed hostilities against government troops.

hostilities break out военные / боевые действия начинаются / вспыхивают: The authorities have urged people to stock up on fuel in case hostilities break out.

the outbreak of hostilities (внезапное) начало военных / боевых действий: Washington gave the military in Hawaii plenty of warning about the imminent outbreak of hostilities. | Anti-war demonstrations continued after the outbreak of hostilities.

cessation of hostilities прекращение военных / боевые действий: The UN is demanding an immediate cessation of hostilities. | This led to a wider cessation of hostilities, although it was never formalized.

3. war / battle zone [ countable ] an area where a war is being fought район / зона военных / боевых действий: A war zone is a dangerous place to be even in the absence of combat. | He could be sent to another war zone at any time. | More front-line troops will be flown to the battle zone over the next few days.

4. hot spot | troubled area [ countable ] a place where there is often a lot of violence or fighting горячая точка; неспокойный регион: The border has become a major hot spot. | There were many hot spots in the region, where fighting was going on. | British forces will withdraw from the troubled area as quickly as possible.

5. a hotbed of sth a place where a lot of a particular type of activity, especially bad or violent activity, happens очаг, рассадник: a hotbed of vice / crime / racial intolerance | Bavaria was a hotbed of extremist politics in the 20s and 30s. | The political party has become a hotbed of nationalism and racial bigotry.

6. tinderbox [ countable – usually singular ] a place or situation that is dangerous and where there could suddenly be a lot of fighting or problems очаг напряженности: The area is a tinderbox that could again plunge the country into civil war. | The Balkans have a long and tragically deserved reputation as a political tinderbox. | The racial tension in the area makes it a tinderbox ready to ignite.

7. warfare [ uncountable ] the activity of fighting in a war, especially when particular methods of fighting are involved война; военные действия; ведение войны; методы / приемы ведения войны: conventional / nuclear / chemical / biological warfare | desert / jungle / naval / trench warfare | It quickly made Hanoi the most heavily bombed city in the history of warfare. | More years of trench warfare and carnage on the Western Front were now almost unavoidable.

guerrilla warfare fighting by small groups of fighters in mountains, forests etc партизанская война, партизанские (военные) действия: The rebels aimed to overthrow the government through protracted guerrilla warfare.

8. wartime | time of war | wartime period [ uncountable ] the period of time when a country is fighting a war военное время: He died on a wartime bombing mission. | In time of war the government must have entire disposal of all material resources. | The mass of new information was greatly augmented during the wartime period.

in / during wartime: Military technology changes dramatically in wartime, in response to experience on the battlefield. | The original buildings were destroyed during wartime.

wartime experience(s): His parents say he's still affected by his wartime experience. | Her wartime experiences were still fresh in her memory.

9. peacetime [ uncountable ] a period of time when a country is not fighting a war мирное время: The talks were aimed at establishing normal peacetime relations between the two countries.

in / during peacetime: The British could afford to reduce defence spending in peacetime without excessive risk. | A country's army may be quite small during peacetime.

10. disaster | calamity | catastrophe [ countable; uncountable ] a terrible and unexpected event that causes a lot of damage or suffering беда, бедствие, несчастье, катастрофа: a crushing / devastating / dire / great / major disaster / calamity / catastrophe | the calamity of war | From all points of view, war would be a catastrophe. | The refugee camp was a disaster area. | At the simplest level, patriotism lent meaning and purpose to personal catastrophes that would otherwise appear intolerable.

national disaster / calamity / catastrophe национальная катастрофа