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Although a committee was appointed to investigate the corruption, many citizens felt that
their report would be a whitewash of the culprits.*
N EW W ORDS
Persevere
pėr´ sə vir´
Landmark
land´ märk´
Extrinsic
ek strin´ sik
Declaim
di klām´
Fetter
fet´ ər
W EEK 15 D AY 3
AN HISTORIC SUPREME COURT RULING
Lawyer Kroll persevered in his defense of Danny Escobedo. The case was argued before the
Supreme Court, and in 1964, in a landmark decision, the Court reversed Danny’s conviction.
Legal aid, said the judges, must be instantly available to a suspect. “A system of law
enforcement that comes to depend on the confession,” one Justice declared, “will, in the long
run, be less reliable than a system that depends on extrinsic evidence independently secured
through skillful investigation.” A Justice who declaimed against the decision said, however, “I
think the rule is ill-conceived and that it seriously fetters perfectly legitimate methods of
criminal enforcement.”
Sample Sentences Use the new words in the following sentences.
1. Collectors avidly* sought the rare coin for its ________________ value.
2. If we ________________, we can overcome many of our inhibitions.*
3. The Battle of Midway was a ________________ victory in the U.S. campaign for
ultimate* victory over the Japanese in World War II.
4. I knew that my father would ________________ against Mother ’s choice of
ostentatious* fabrics.
5. The senator inveighed* against the policy because he felt it would ________________
our Air Force.
Definitions Match the new words with their meanings.
6. persevere a. to hamper
7. landmark (adj.) b. foreign, coming from outside
8. extrinsic c. speak loudly
9. declaim d. persist
10. fetter (v.) e. historic, turning point of a period
T ODAY ’ S I DIOM
to break the ice —to make a start by overcoming initial difficulties
The auto salesman had a poor week, but he finally broke the ice by selling a fully
equipped Cadillac.
N EW W ORDS
Paragon
par´ ə gon
Nomadic
nō mad´ ik
Asperity
a sper´ ə tē
Epithet
ep´ ə thet
Controversial
kon´ trə ver´
W EEK 15 D AY 4
THE EFFECTS OF THE ESCOBEDO DECISION
After Danny Escobedo’s release from prison, hundreds of inmates began suits for their
freedom on the grounds that their rights had been violated, too. Each case was heard on its
merits, and in numerous instances people who had been convicted of serious offenses were
freed because of the new standards established in the Escobedo case. After getting out, Danny
was not a paragon of virtue, according to the police. He led a nomadic existence, drifting
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from job to job, and was arrested frequently. With asperity, and a few choice epithets, Danny
referred to police harassment.* Although the Escobedo case was a controversial one, most
agree that it inspired better police training, better law enforcement procedures, and improved
scientific crime detection.
Sample Sentences Use the new words in the following sentences.
1. In the desert, ________________ tribes wander back and forth, enduring much
privation.*
2. The town planners looked upon their utopia* as a ________________ for other
communities.
3. Some school principals attempt to repress* the publication of ________________
editorials.
4. We were amazed at the display of ________________ from our normally phlegmatic*
neighbor.
5. A bitter quarrel was precipitated* when both politicians hurled vile ________________
at each other.
Definitions Match the new words with their meanings.
6. paragon a. harshness of temper
7. nomadic b. model of excellence
8. asperity c. wandering
9. epithet d. debatable
10. controversial e. descriptive name
T ODAY ’ S I DIOM
the grapevine —a secret means of spreading information
The grapevine has it that Ernie will be elected president of the school’s student council.
W EEK 15 D AY 5
REVIEW
Police who have resorted to wire-tapping have been able to get evidence that was useful in
gaining convictions. In a sense, everyone who listens to you is wire-tapping your
conversation. Are the “detectives” impressed with the extent of your vocabulary? By the end
of this week you will have gained a greater familiarity with 300 words and 60 idioms—
enough to educate a conscientious wire-tapper.
Match the twenty words with their meanings. *Reminder: Record answers on a sheet of paper.
(Numbers 1 and 13 are close in meaning.)
REVIEW WORDS DEFINITIONS
1. abrogate a. descriptive name
2. access b. coming from outside, foreign
3. accomplice c. supposed, reported
4. alleged d. deserving blame
5. asperity e. destruction, disposal of
6. complicity f. an associate in crime
7. controversial g. model of excellence
8. culpable h. bitterness of temper
9. declaim i. persist
10. epithet j. repeal by law
11. extrinsic k. prevent
12. fetter (v.) l. speak loudly
13. invalidate m. partnership in wrongdoing
14. landmark (adj.) n. to deprive of legal force, cancel
15. liquidation o. renounce previous statements
16. nomadic p. to hamper, to chain
17. paragon q. admittance
18. persevere r. wandering
19. preclude s. historic
20. recant t. debatable
IDIOMS
21. woolgathering u. a means of spreading information
22. to whitewash v. absentmindedness
23. break the ice w. to conceal defects
24. the grapevine x. make a start
Make a record of those words you missed.
*For reference only
WORDS FOR
FURTHER STUDY MEANINGS
1. _________________________ _________________________
2. _________________________ _________________________
3. _________________________ _________________________
WORDSEARCH 15
Using the clues listed below, record separately using one of the new words you learned this
week for each blank in the following story.
Clues
2nd Day
1st Day
4th Day
1st Day
4th Day
Questionable Advertisements
The Nostalgia Factory, a Boston art gallery, staged an exhibit of advertisements that had
outraged various segments of the community. For example, one of the fast food chains ran a
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TV commercial that showed unattractive school cafeteria workers in hairnets, making that
experience less tasty than a visit to Roy Rogers. Another ad that drew criticism from
psychiatrists and groups such as the Alliance for the Mentally Ill suggested to readers that, if
they had paid $100 for a dress shirt, they were fit candidates for a straitjacket. Similar
sensitivity had restricted ad writers from using terms such as “nuts” or “crazy.”
Why such protests and where do they come from? Who is asking companies to
contracts with those agencies that are in creating racist types of commercial
messages? Parents who took exception to the Burger King spot that announced, “Sometimes
You Gotta Break the Rules,” said no to it because it gave the wrong message to their children.
And when a potato chip maker ’s ad featured a “bandito,” angry Mexican-Americans used
some choice in denouncing such a stereotype.
The conclusion to be reached is that segments of the population have become increasingly
vocal about “insensitive” ads, demanding that corporations and never again
commission advertisements that are clearly, provocative, and harmful to good
human relationships.
N EW W ORDS
Indigenous
in dij´ ən əs
Gregarious
grə ger´ ē es
Habitat
hab´ ə tat
Cursory
kėr´ sər ē
Interloper
in´ tər lō´ per
W EEK 16 D AY 1
MEET THE BEES
One of the most interesting inhabitants of our world is the bee, an insect that is indigenous to
all parts of the globe except the polar regions. The honeybee is a gregarious insect whose
habitat is a colony that he shares with as many as 80,000 bees. Although the individual bees
live for only a few days, their colony can be operative for several years. A cursory study of
the activities of these insects reveals an orderliness and a social structure that is truly amazing.
For example, bees in a particular hive have a distinct odor; therefore, when an interloper
seeks access* they can identify him quickly and repulse* his invasion.
Sample Sentences Use the new words in the following sentences.
1. Sherlock Holmes took a ________________ glance at the cryptic* message and
decoded it instantly.
2. The forest was replete* with the kind of wildlife that is ________________ to Africa.
3. Electric eyes, watchdogs, and other nuances* were there to keep out an
_______________.
4. The alcoholic was found supine* in his favorite __________—Ryan’s Bar.
5. At the party, the ________________ hostess scurried* from group to group, making
friends and influencing people.
Definitions Match the new words with their meanings.
6. indigenous a. hasty, not thorough
7. gregarious b. native
8. habitat c. natural environment
9. cursory d. sociable
10. interloper e. an unauthorized person
T ODAY ’ S I DIOM
in a bee line —taking the straightest, shortest route (that’s the way a bee flies back
to the hive after he has gathered food)
When the couple left, the babysitter made a bee line for the refrigerator.
N EW W ORDS
Prolific
prə lif´ ik
Bulwark
b l´ wərk
Sedentary
sed´ n ter´ ē
Frugal
frü´ gəl
Antithesis
an tith´ ə sis
W EEK 16 D AY 2
QUEENS, WORKERS, DRONES
Each colony of honeybees consists of three classes: a) the queen who is a prolific layer of
eggs; b) the worker who is the bulwark of the colony; and c) the sedentary drone whose only
function is to mate with a young queen. The queen lays the eggs that hatch into thousands of
female workers; some queens live as long as five years and lay up to one million eggs. The
frugal worker builds and maintains the nest, collects and stores the honey, and is the antithesis
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of the lazy drone, or male honeybee, who does not work and has no sting. When the drone is
no longer needed, the workers, in effect, liquidate* him by letting him starve to death. It’s a
cruel, cruel world!
Sample Sentences Use the new words in the following sentences.
1. The usually ________________ novelist was frustrated* by her failure to come up with
a good plot.
2. Len, the gregarious* twin, was the ________________ of Lon, the reticent one.
3. The typist shook off the fetters* of her ________________ life and joined a mountain
climbing expedition.
4. ________________ shoppers occasionally badger* supermarket managers for
bargains.
5. Some feel that the United States should be a ________________ to the inchoate*
democracies around the world.
Definitions Match the new words with their meanings.
6. prolific a. producing abundantly
7. bulwark b. thrifty
8. sedentary c. protection
9. frugal d. exact opposite
10. antithesis e. largely inactive, accustomed to sitting
T ODAY ’ S I DIOM
the world, the flesh, and the devil —temptations that cause man to sin
By entering the monastery he sought to avoid the world, the flesh, and the devil.
N EW W ORDS
Altruistic
al´ trü is´ tik
Embellish
em bel´ ish
Cache
kash
Coterie
kō´ tərē
Cupidity
kyü pid´ ə tē
W EEK 16 D AY 3
SPOTLIGHT ON THE WORKER
Let us examine the activities of the altruistic workers in greater detail. After the workers have
constructed a hive of waterproof honeycomb (made from beeswax), the queen begins to lay
eggs in the first cells. While some workers embellish the hive, others fly out in search of
nectar and pollen. With their long tongues they gather nectar and use their hind legs to carry
the pollen from the flowers. They fly directly back to the hive and then dance around the
honeycomb, their movements indicating the direction of the flowers. Meanwhile, other
workers have been cleaning cells, caring for the young, and guarding the precious cache of
nectar. Another special coterie is entrusted with heating or cooling the hive. Dedicated to the
welfare of the queen and the entire insect community, all of these workers display a complete
absence of cupidity.
Sample Sentences Use the new words in the following sentences.
1. Through a fortuitous* remark, the ________________ of the art thieves was
discovered.
2. We warned him that his reprehensible* ________________ would eventuate* in a loss
of all his friends.
3. The good-hearted doctor went into the jungle purely for ________________ reasons.
4. A ________________ of bridge players made our clubroom their permanent habitat.*
5. Everytime the irate* motorist told about the accident he had a tendency to
________________ the story.
Definitions Match the new words with their meanings.
6. altruistic a. secret hiding place
7. embellish b. unselfish
8. cache c. small group having something in common
9. coterie d. adorn, touch up
10. cupidity e. greed
T ODAY ’ S I DIOM
to make bricks without straw —to attempt to do something without having the
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