Причастие, герундий и отглагольное существительное

 

Обратите внимание на различные значения ing-формы:

 

В следующих предложениях reading — причастие:

 

My brother is reading a book. In the library you can see many people reading books - Reading his newspaper, the old man fell asleep.

 

В следующих предложениях reading — герундий:

 

Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure. It is nouse reading these notes. I like reading a good book. I am thinking of reading a new A. Christie book. I remember reading a very clever article on market economy.

 

Сравните эти два предложения:

 

My brother is reading the latest story by R. Bradbury,

причастие

 

My dream is reading the latest story by R. Bradbury,

 

герундий

Герундий и отглагольное существительное 347

 

Упражнение 423

 

Расположите по порядку:

 

a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием.

1. a) When we entered the classroom, we saw ma-

ny students writing at the desks.

b) Do you mind my writing with your pen?

c) He was writing a letter when I entered the room.

 

2. a) We all listened with great interest to the speaker criticizing the new book.

 

b) Criticizing the work of our sports club, he said that it was not satisfactory.

 

c) They were criticizing the government for its failure to limit air pollution at that moment.

 

d) I have no objection to your criticizing me.

3. Lydia could retell the English story she had

 

read without looking into the book. 4. Everybody ran to meet the people returning from the city. 5. They went home quickly, protecting themselves from the rain by walking under the trees. 6. In this factory much attention is paid to protecting the health of

 

the workers. 7. He stopped writing and looked around. 8. In this picture you can see a young man giving flowers to a girl. 9. Playing volleyball is

 

a popular sport for young people. 10. She left the room without saying a word. 11. We had the pleas ure of seeing the performance. 12. John likes study

 

ing history. 13. Never jump off a moving train. 14. Read ing books out of doors is his favourite way of spend

 

ing the summer holidays, but he likes swimming and going on excursions as well. 15. Running water is always better than standing water. 16. The remain ing cakes were given to the children. 17. The cakes,

 

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remaining from the evening, were given to the children. 18. You can learn what the new words mean by looking them up in the dictionary. 19. Before going to meet his friend, he went home to change his clothes. 20. They went out to meet the returning women. 21. Returning home after a good holiday is always pleasant. 22. Returning home after a good holiday, he looked the picture of health.

 

 

Упражнение 424

 

Расположите по порядку:

 

a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием.

1. Не was looking at the plane flying overhead. 2. Wishing to learn to skate, she bought herself a pair of skates.

 

3. Just imagine his coming first in the race! 4. The children were tired of running. 5. Being frightened by the dog, the cat climbed a high fence. 6. It is no use going there now. 7. Coming out of the wood, the travellers saw a ruined castle in the distance. 8. My greatest pleasure is travelling. 9. Growing tomatoes need a lot of sunshine. 10. Growing corn on his desert island, Robinson Crusoe hoped to eat bread one day. 11. Growing roses takes a lot of care and attention. 12. Having prepared all the necessary equipment, they began the experiment. 13. Mary will stop for a few days at the seaside before going back home. 14. While translating the text, I looked up many words in the dictionary. 15. I usualy help mother by washing the dishes and doing the rooms. 16. Entering the room, I saw my friends smiling at me. 17. Instead of phoning his friend, he went to see him. 18. The boys continued

Герундий и отглагольное существительное 349

 

playing football. 19. Watching the playing kittens was great fun for the children.

 

Сравните герундий и отглагольное существительное:

 

Reading a good book gives me a lot of	герундий
pleasure.
The reading of a good book gives me	отглагольное
a lot of pleasure.	существи-
	тельное

 

Упражнение 425

 

Расположите по порядку:

 

a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;

b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

 

1. The singing of those beautiful folk songs impressed me greatly. 2. Your having written is really no excuse for your not coming on the day fixed. 3. Such doings can hardly be explained. 4. The motor was carefully examined before starting. 5. I am very pleased to meet you after hearing so much about you. 6. Your hair wants cutting. 7. I shall look forward to seeing you again. 8. It was no use talking about it any longer. 9. Sleeping is necessary. 10. We felt so disappointed at your having missed nearly half the programme. 11. The building of this house will cost much money. 12. Are you dressed for going out? 13. I hate the idea of doing it once more.

14. Then came a general lighting of pipes and cigars.

 

15. But you don't mind being asked to help us, do you? 16. The forest resounded with the hooting of owls and the howling of wolves. 17. She blamed herself for having been a dull companion.

350   ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

 

Упражнение 426

 

Расположите по порядку:

 

a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;

c) предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. The driving wheel of the machine is broken.

 

2. Driving in a motor car, we passed many villages.

3. We have every chance of passing our examinations well.

 

4. Having been knocked down by a passing car, the poor man was at once taken to hospital. 5. You don't know what you miss, not having the desire to listen to good music. 6. These happenings are remarkable. 7. Travelling is a pleasant way of improving one's education. 8. Every trust arranges for the marketing of its products. 9. I was told of a great friendship existing between the two captains. 10. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 11. Asking him for help is useless.

 

12. Happily we escaped being delayed on our way. 13. There are many discoveries being made all over the world.

 

14. Seeing this man, I recollected perfectly having met him many years before.

 

Упражнение 427

 

Расположите по порядку:

 

a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;

c) предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. Sitting by her sleeping child, the worried mother at last began to realize by its peaceful breath-

 

Герупдий и отглагольное существительное 351

 

ing that all danger was over. 2. I stopped knocking at the door and, sitting down at the top of the stairs, began waiting for my father to come. 3. With a sudden tightening of the muscles he became aware of a figure walking noiselessly beside him. 4. She praised herself for having come. 5. Having stopped crying, the child quieted down to hard thinking. 6. The old clock kept ticking on the mantelpiece, as if counting the seconds left before the coming of daylight. 7. Remembering that time was like going back to his childhood and reliving those happy days. 8. Looking back upon that time, he realized how happy he had been then. 9. Tom lived there like a paying guest, attracting very little attention of the others.

 

Упражнение 428

 

Расположите по порядку:

 

a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;

b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;

c) предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. We sat by the riverside listening to the running of the water. 2. The cleaning of the room was done by the girls. 3. Working in the garden is very good for the health of people.

 

4. Going home from the theatre, they were discussing the play they had seen. 5. You should think before speaking. 6. After finding the new word in the dictionary, I wrote it down and went on reading. 7. He spent much time on the copying of his literature lectures. 8. What do you mean by saying that? 9. The students found the reading of English newspapers rather difficult at first. 10. Instead of going home after school, the girls went for a walk. 11. Chalk is used for writing on the blackboard.