Use the Active Voice instead of the Passive Voice.

- This device can be overhauled by the second engineer.

- The second engineer can overhaul this device.

1. The entries must be made by the watch officer.

2. Radio communication may be interrupted by the other ships.

3. The cargo should be unloaded by the dockers in time.

4. The port can be entered by big ferries.

5. This ship must be taken to the Russian port by the inspection ship.

6. The watch-keeping duties should be performed by the officer properly.

7. Such vessels must be operated by very experienced captains.

8. The master may be replaced by the chief mate.

9. All seamen must be included in the crew list by the third mate.

10. Everything should be kept in order by the boatswain.

11. The echo-sounder can be repaired by our specialists.

12. A life-boat may be launched by our seamen.

Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Этот груз можно разместить в трюме № 2.

2. Курс следует изменить возле буя № 5.

3. Все люки и бортовые иллюминаторы нужно задраить.

4. Опасность можно избежать.

5. Контейнеры следует доставить в этот китайский порт.

6. Прибор нельзя отремонтировать.

7. К этому заливу не следует приближаться с запада.

8. Трюм № 1 нельзя открывать.

9. В этот порт можно входить ночью?

10. Когда следует поднять флаг?

11. Как безопасно можно выйти из пролива?

12. Когда могут быть подписаны документы?

REVISION

Complete the following sentences using the necessary grammar tense.

1. The ship … by the customs officers now (to search).

2. These papers … usually by the port authorities (to check).

3. The shore … by yesterday evening (to approach).

4. Tomorrow the cargo … on board (to deliver).

5. The pilot-book … by next week (to send).

6. The device … all day yesterday (to repair).

7. Two days ago these documents … (to sign).

8. The necessary chart … already (to find).

9. The lighthouse can always … clearly from any position (to see).

10. The work must … in time (to do).

11. He … about the accident recently (to report).

12. Many special books … by him before he came to the university (to study).

Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Сейчас ремонтируют радар.

2. Весь груз на палубе был проверен два дня назад.

3. Его всегда спрашивают об этом случае в порту.

4. Пресная вода уже получена.

5. В этот залив можно входить ночью.

6. Отход судна часто задерживают.

7. Эти проблемы сейчас решаются портовыми властями.

8. Когда пришел лоцман, трюмы все еще проверяли.

9. К этому мысу не следует приближаться с запада.

10. Новый шлюз будет построен к началу года.

11. Все люки нужно открыть.

12. Курс судна еще не изменен.

13. Документы будут отправлены к вечеру.

14. Капитан был проинформирован об этом до того, как начался рейс.

15. Танкер сейчас буксируют в порт.

16. Для чего обычно используется этот прибор?

THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

Согласование времен в английском языке предполагает употребление сказуемого в придаточном предложении в одном из прошедших времен, если сказуемое в главном предложении стоит в прошедшем времени. Если сказуемое в главном предложении выражено глаголом в настоящем или будущем времени, сказуемое в придаточном предложении употребляется
в любом времени.

1. We know that he navigates a tanker. Мы знаем, что он управляет танке-ром (обычно).	1. We knew that he navigated a tanker. Мы знали, что он управляет танке-ром (обычно).
2. We know that he is navigating a tanker. Мы знаем, что он управляет танке-ром (сейчас).	2. We knew that he was navigating a tanker. Мы знали, что он управляет танке-ром (сейчас).
3. We know that he navigated a tanker. Мы знаем, что он управлял танке-ром.	3. We knew that he had navigated a tanker. Мы знали, что он управлял танке-ром.
4. We know that he has navigated a tanker. Мы знаем, что он управлял танке-ром (уже).	4. We knew that he had navigated a tanker. Мы знали, что он управлял танке-ром (уже).
5. We know that he will navigate a tanker. Мы знаем, что он будет управлять танкером.	5. We knew that he would navigate a tanker. Мы знали, что он будет управлять танкером.

Соблюдая согласование времен (в случае, если сказуемое в главном предложении выражено глаголом в прошедшем времени), в придаточном предложении для выражения настоящего времени используются the Past Indefinite Tense или the Past Continuous Tense, прошедшего времени – the Past Perfect Tense, будущего времени – the Future - in - the - Past.

The Future - in - the - Past (будущее неопределенное время в прошедшем) употребляется в придаточных дополнительных предложениях, когда ска-зуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в прошедшем времени. The Future - in - the - Past образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола should (would) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to и перево-дится на русский язык глаголом в будущем времени.

1. Я был уверен, что он рабо -тает агентом.	I was sure that he worked as an agent. I was sure that he was working as an agent.
2. a) Мы не знали, что при-шел инспектор. b) Мы знали, что агент уже был на судне.	a) We didn't know that the inspector had come. b) We knew that the agent had already been on the ship.
3. Он думал, что судно зайдет в этот порт.	He thought that the ship would call at this port.

1. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Present Indefinite Tense → the Past Indefinite Tense.

- The vessel often calls at this port.

- I thought that the vessel often called at this port.

 

1. The agent delivers provisions on board our ship.

2. Two tugs tow the ship out of the harbour.

3. The dockers unload the cargo.

4. The chief mate keeps watch from 4 till 8.

5. The ship is underway.

6. We work hard at our English.

7. The engineer repairs our generator.

8. The seamen usually go ashore in a foreign port.

9. They catch only crabs.

10. The watch officer usually meets visitors at the gangway.

11. The watch officer always checks the ship's stability.

12. He often plots the ship's course on the chart.

13. This declaration is usually signed.

14. They are often waited for.

2. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Present Continuous Tense → the Past Continuous Tense.

- He is keeping watch on the bridge.

- I was sure that he was keeping watch on the bridge.

 

1. The second mate is reading a navigational warning.

2. The other ship is moving slowly.

3. The seamen are looking for the Harbour Master office.

4. They are leaving the ship.

5. Our ship is reducing speed.

6. He is tuning the receiver.

7. They are transmitting weather reports.

8. The captain is talking to the pilot.

9. We are altering our course.

10. The third mate is watching the radar display.

11. The cadets are painting the superstructure.

12. They are launching a life-boat.

13. The ice-breaker is being followed by five ships.

3. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Present Perfect Tense → the Past Perfect Tense.

- They have altered the course.

- He didn't know that they had altered the course.

 

1. I have already found the solution.

2. The pilot has just come on board.

3. The visitors have waited long.

4. They have hoisted the national flag.

5. Our engineer has already repaired the main engine.

6. Heavy storm has delayed ship's arrival.

7. My friend has graduated from the Maritime Institute recently.

8. We have already battened down all the hatches.

9. Their ship has reduced the speed.

10. He has already taken bearing of the coastal object.

11. We have stowed the cargo in the holds lately.

12. The ferry has just arrived at the port of destination.

13. The message has already been received.

4. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Past Indefinite Tense → the Past Perfect Tense.

- They met on the quay.

- The watch officer believed that they had met on the quay.

 

1. Our vessel looked for shelter.

2. They avoided the underwater rock.

3. The agent delivered the documents to the port of departure.

4. The discharging was very slow.

5. There was some water in the hold.

6. Our ship was towed to the nearest port.

7. Their vessel reached the Cape of Good Hope.

8. I saw the necessary chart.

9. All the papers were prepared for the port authorities.

10. The ship passed through the Strait of Dover.

11. We spoke with the inspector.

12. They approached the port of call in the evening.

13. Their vessel entered the Gulf of Finland.

5. Use the Sequence of Tenses. The Future Indefinite Tense → the Future-in-the-Past.

- They will deliver the cargo in time.

- He was told that they would deliver the cargo in time.

 

1. All the seamen will stay on board.

2. Their engineers will repair the compass.

3. The fish will be loaded in the holds.

4. The storm will be over soon.

5. It will be difficult to solve this problem.

6. She will meet him on the quay.

7. Our doctor will be sent for.

8. The second mate will plot the course of the ship in 5 minutes.

9. The wind will increase soon.

10. She will study all the documents.

11. The cadets will not go ashore.

12. Our vessel will sail through the Strait of Gibraltar.