When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

 

 

Test-paper

 

English: Information Protection

 

Variant 11

 

1. Read and translate the following text

Digital Computer Age Begins

The principle of the modern computer was first described by computer scientist Alan Turing. Turing reformulated Kurt Gödel’s 1931 results on the limits of proof and computation. He replaces Gödel’s universal arithmetic-based formal language with the formal and simple hypothetical devices that became known as Turing machines.

He proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm.

He also introduced the notion of a ‘Universal Machine’ (now known as a Universal Turing machine), with the idea that such a machine could perform the tasks of any other machine, or in other words, it is provably capable of computing anything that is computable by executing a program stored on tape, allowing the machine to be programmable.

Von Neumann acknowledged that the central concept of the modern computer was due to this paper. Turing machines are to this day a central object of study in theory of computation. Except for the limitations imposed by their finite memory stores, modern computers are said to be Turing-complete, which is to say, they have algorithm execution capability equivalent to a universal Turing machine.

 

2. Translate the following words and phrases from English into Russian

Hypothetical devices; be capable of performing; conceivable mathematical computation; undecidable; acknowledge; algorithm execution capability equivalent.

 

3. Make questions to the following answers

 

1) Alan Turing first described the principle of the modern computer.

2) The halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable.

3) Modern computers are said to be Turing-complete.

 

4. Answer the following questions

1) What is the title of the text you are speaking about?

2) What is the main idea of text?

How did the digital computer age begin?

 

 

5. Speak about: Do you enjoy c omputer age? If so give your arguments.

 

 

Digital computer – a computer that processes information in digital form.

 

Test-paper

 

English: Information Protection

 

Variant 12

 

1. Read and translate the following text

Mobile Computers Become Dominant

 

With the continued miniaturization of computing resources, and advancements in portable battery life, portable computers grew in popularity in the 2000s. The same developments that spurred the growth of laptop computers and other portable computers allowed manufacturers to integrate computing resources into cellular phones. These so-called smartphones and tablets run on a variety of operating systems and have became the dominant computing device on the market, with manufacturers reporting having shipped an estimated 237 million devices in 2Q 2015.

 

Programming Language

 

Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are designed to permit no ambiguity and to be concise. They are purely written languages and are often difficult to read aloud. They are generally either translated into machine code by a compiler or an assembler before being run, or translated directly at run time by an interpreter. Sometimes programs are executed by a hybrid method of the two techniques.

Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer.

 

2. Translate the following words and phrases from English into Russian

Continued miniaturization; portable battery life; spur; estimate; ambiguity; be concise; a compiler; be executed.

 

3. Make questions to the following answers

Mobile computers become dominant.

2) Programming languages are designed to be concise.

3) Smartphones have become the dominant computing device on the market.

 

4. Answer the following questions

1) What is the title of the text you are speaking about?

2) What is the main idea of text?

How did the digital computer age begin?

 

 

5. Speak about: Do mobile computers help you in your studies? Why?

 

Language is the dress of thought.

 

No limits to learning.

 

Test-paper