Think of some other reasons for travelling not stated in the text. Discuss them with your partner.

Vocabulary Work

1. Find out one odd word in each line:

2. Sea, mountain, forest, difficult, waterfall, volcano.

3. Travel, enrich, embrace, develop, teach, culture, learn.

4. Older, tough, more, sooner, better, bigger.

5. Traveling, humbling, empowering, driving, thing.

6. You, with, their, it, those, that.

7. In, to, at, the, of, for, on.

8. Forties, gorgeous, fifties, sixties.

2. Consult the text and use the proper derivatives of the words given in brackets:

1. A tiny rural town was a (comfort) place for living.

2. The (amaze) diversity of the landscape helps the tourists realize that the world is full of beauty.

3. (Fortune), in some small areas everyone looks and acts basically the same.

4. Your life could be (rich) by experiences and relationships that are outside your comfort zone.

5. The older you become, the (much) you realize that the world doesn’t revolve around you.

6. It is possible to enjoy (drive) on the left side of the road in Grenada, West Indies.

7. Many people suffer from (poor), wars and famines.

8. Traveling makes history come alive and you get a new (appreciate) for it.

Confusing words: TRAVEL, JOURNEY, TRIP, VOYAGE

TRAVEL

(noun) moving from place to place, usually over long distances air travel, food and travel, space travel, business travel, a travel agency Air travel is getting more expensive. The magazine is a food and travel guide. Where did you go on your travel s? Jack Kerouac wrote many books about his travel s. Did you have a good travel? (verb)   I travel 20 km to work every day. JOURNEY (noun) moving from one place to another, especially in a vehicle. It is a single piece of travel. A journey can also be a regular thing. Here is an example. Let’s say we go from London to Leeds then back again. That is two journeys (London to Leeds is the first journey, Leeds to London is the second journey). a bus journey, a train journey, the journey to school, my journey to work How long does your journey to work take? The journey there took three hours. Did you have a good journey?   TRIP (noun) the whole process of going somewhere and coming back. (It is more than one journey.) a day trip, a round trip, a round-the-world trip, a boat trip, a business trip; go on a trip We went on a three-week trip to Scotland. He’s gone on a business trip to Germany. Let’s go on a trip to the mountains this summer! The trip there took three hours. VOYAGE (noun) (less common nowadays) a very long trip, usually at sea or in space   At the age of twenty-three, Sir Francis Drake made his first voyage to the New World. A voyage around the world often took four or five years.

3. Insert the proper words using the information from the table above:

1) Steve’s on a business _________ in South America.

2) The __________ from Manchester to London by train takes about two and a half hours.

3) My __________ to Spain lasted over two weeks. I went to Madrid, Valencia, Malaga and Granada.

4) Eric Newby wrote a book about his _________ in Afghanistan in 1956.

5) We _________ a trip to Paris to celebrate my wife’s birthday.

6) My _________ to work today was horrible. I was stuck in a traffic jam for two hours.

7) Air __________ is much faster and cheaper nowadays compared to fifty or sixty years ago.

 

(From http://speakspeak.com/confusing-words/travel-journey-trip-voyage)

Speaking

Scan the following ads about the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Choose any city you like from this list and collect as much interesting information about it as possible (work in small groups). Prepare a slide show and present it in class.

With 8 million inhabitants, London is the largest European city, but also the most ethnically diverse one. Almost 200 languages are spoken in London and more than 30% of the population are represented by immigrants.

 

Prague or “City of a thousand towers” is one of the most amazing European cities. Being one of the best preserved medieval centers throughout Europe, the town was included on UNESCO world heritage. Prague is an ideal city for lovers of castles, cathedrals and culture.

 

New York is a city of superlatives. Besides being a world financial center, the island of Manhattan is dotted with world-renowned restaurants, architectural masterpieces and venerable art institutions that make New York the greatest cultural city in the world.

 

After a period of fifty years of calm returned to Berlin – Germany united as the capital and one of the largest cities of Europe. After the Second World War Berlin was a divided pawn, caught between East and West, metaphorically and practically divided by a wall.

 

Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia, is a cosmopolitan Mediterranean that has a specific charm, boasting Roman remains, medieval districts, along with the most beautiful examples of Modernism and Avant-Garde of the twentieth century.

 

For most people, Venice is synonymous with romance. Of course, there are detractors, but most people love this city, imagining it as a symbol of love, inspired by stories of love sheltered by the walls of buildings shriveled.

 

Considered the cradle of the Renaissance, Florence must respect the typical Italian architecture and imposing structures. Palazzo Vecchio, Uffizi Gallery and Academy of Art are only three locations that you have to visit if you want to see works by Michelangelo (David was exhibited at the Academy) and other Renaissance masters.

 

Rome is the largest and most important city of Italy, an economic and cultural center, a city scattered of historical monuments, which has something to offer for all tastes. It is a center of culture, religion and power over three millennia.

 

Few towns conjure up images of excess such as Las Vegas. Located in the middle of the arid Mojave Desert, in the southern tip of Nevada, Las Vegas is an oasis of life, energy and money – a city where the only purpose in life is having fun.

Amsterdam is a romantic city with grand architecture, Venetian-style canals and tramways of age. Those who visited it will realize that actually everything is allowed in this city.

 

With a population of 4.5 million inhabitants, Sydney is the largest, oldest and most beautiful city in Australia. Located where water joins land at Jackson Bay, Sidney is a natural harbor on the southeastern coast of the Australian continent.

 

Hong Kong is a unique blend of Eastern and Western traditions, a modern metropolis, but also one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world. The city is impressive, with its modern architecture and unique design.

 

Orlando is a city made up mostly of theme parks. By 1966 there were enough to see in central Florida, but the area began to flourish along with the great flow of tourists attracted by the Walt Disney World.

 

San Francisco is a major city in California, the heart of golf and known for its liberal community, hilly terrain, Victorian architecture and ethnic and cultural diversity. These are just some of the aspects that make San Francisco one of the most visited cities in the world.

 

(From http://www.bestourism.com/bests/best/154?title=The-most-popular-tourist-destinations)

Increase your Knowledge

 

Read the article “ How to Turn Your Hobby into a Business ” by Candice Landau and decide if you would like to turn your own hobby into a business. Using the author’s ideas discuss the would-be challenges with your partners and figure out how to meet them.

If what you do outside “work” is your true love, then why not consider making it your career too?

To help you figure out how to turn your own hobby into a business, I asked a few “ex-hobbyists-and-now-CEOS” to share their stories. From the responses, I’ve compiled a how-to guide that will help get you up and running.

A number of people I asked cautioned both myself and fellow readers to consider carefully whether turning your hobby into a business was the right approach. They had done so and found that, after turning their hobby into work, they no longer enjoyed doing it. The pressure of working to a schedule and meeting financial goals and customer expectations simply took away the fun, relaxation, and personal satisfaction they had previously felt while doing it.

Will you enjoy doing your hobby when you have to do it to a deadline? For some people, working on their hobby is like working on a long-term art project. They do it to learn, to create something beautiful, and in an attempt to attain perfection. Unless you’re planning on selling your services for a fortune or selling your items to an art gallery, you’re probably going to be making or doing things faster than you previously would have. Is this right for you?

Will you enjoy doing it when it means that if you don’t, you probably won’t have a roof over your head? If you want to turn your hobby into a business because you think it’s going to be as much fun as it was when it was only a hobby, you could be in for a surprise. Simply knowing that if you don’t make another widget, you won’t be able to pay your electricity bill, could tip the scales. Are you ready to grapple with the difference between doing something for fun and doing it as a business?

Are you really committed to this hobby? Perhaps you simply do it to relax. Thinking it’s your true calling if it’s something you only do to wind down could mean you’ll get distracted, or that another idea will take your fancy.

Are you inspired by a challenge? There’s no doubt about it, starting up will be tough, especially if this is your first business. You’re probably going to be wearing a lot of hats for a while – accountant, customer service rep, brand ambassador, CEO, and so on. This is also a good time to think about what it takes to be an entrepreneur.

Can you sell “yourself” or the things you create? Believe me, this is a valid question. Five years ago I was abysmal at selling the jewelry I made, as well as my writing services. I was far too modest and I didn’t want to push people into making a decision. I’m not the same person today. Today, if you ask about my jewelry or my writing, I’ll offer you a business card or give you my rate per word. This is a skill you can learn and I believe it’s something you will have to learn. Be prepared to sell.

If you’ve decided it’s a good decision, how do you actually go about doing it? First, find a WAY to turn your hobby into a business:

- Teach others to do what you love.

- Sell, import, invent, or craft a product or accessory for enthusiasts in your hobby.

- Teach the business of the hobby.

- Speak or write about your hobby.

- Create a tour or performance series around what you love.

- Appraise, repair or fix items related to what you love.

(Adapted from http://articles.bplans.com/how-to-turn-your-hobby-into-a-business/)

Writing

Study Appendix IV and write an opinion essay on one of the proposed topics:

1) Travel broadens the mind.

2) Some people think that a travel tour led by a tour guide is the best way of travelling.

3) Many people say that tourism ruins everything that it touches.

4) Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone.

5) Many people believe that you should travel while you’re young.

 

Study Skills

We all learn differently, and we each have our own style of studying. No two people are exactly the same when it comes to study preferences. To get the most out of your studying, it’s important to better understand what works for you, and what doesn’t.

Read each statement from the following checklist and determine if it applies to you. If it does, then mark Y. If it doesn’t, mark N. The purpose of this checklist is to provide you a basic self-assessment of your study habits and attitudes, so you can identify study skills areas where you might want focus on improving.

Study Skills Checklist

1. Y__ N__ I spend more time than necessary studying for what I am learning.

2. Y__ N__ It’s common for me to spend hours cramming the night before an exam.

3. Y__ N__ If I dedicate as much time as I want to my social life, I don’t have enough time left to focus on my studies, or when I study as much as I need to, I don’t have time for my social life.

4. Y__ N__ I often study with the TV or radio turned on.

5. Y__ N__ I struggle to study for long periods of time without becoming distracted or tired.

6. Y__ N__ I usually doodle, daydream, or fall asleep when I go to class.

7. Y__ N__ Often the notes I take during class are difficult for me to understand later when I try and review them.

8. Y__ N__ I often end up getting the wrong material into my class notes.

9. Y__ N__ I don’t usually review my class notes from time to time throughout the semester in preparation for exams.

10. Y__ N__ When I get to the end of a chapter in a textbook, I struggle to remember what I’ve just got done reading.

11. Y__ N__ I struggle to identify what is important in the text.

12. Y__ N__ I frequently can’t keep up with my reading assignments, and consequently have to cram the night before a test.

13. Y__ N__ For some reason I miss a lot of points on essay tests even when I feel well prepared and know the material well.

14. Y__ N__ I study a lot for each test, but when I get to the test my mind draws a blank.

15. Y__ N__ I often study in a sort of disorganized, haphazard way only motivated by the threat of the next test.

16. Y__ N__ I frequently end up getting lost in the details of reading and have trouble identifying the main ideas and key concepts.

17. Y__ N__ I don’t usually change my reading speed in response to the difficulty level of what I’m reading, or my familiarity with the content.

18. Y__ N__ I often wish that I was able read faster.

19. Y__ N__ When my teachers assign me papers and projects I often feel so overwhelmed that I really struggle to get started.

20. Y__ N__ More often than not I write my papers the night before they are due.

21. Y__ N__ I really struggle to organize my thoughts into a logical paper that makes sense.

If you answered “ yes ” to two or more questions in any category listed below, we recommend finding self-help study guides for those categories. If you have one “ yes ” or less in one of the categories, you are probably proficient enough in that area that you don’t require additional study help. However, no matter how you score it’s always advisable to review all study guides to help you improve your study skills and academic performance.

Categories – statement numbers:

Time Scheduling – 1, 2, and 3.

Concentration – 4, 5, and 6.

Listening & Note taking – 7, 8, and 9.

Reading – 10, 11, and 12.

Exams – 13, 14, and 15.

Reading – 16, 17, and 18.

Writing Skills – 19, 20, and 21.

(From http://www.educationcorner.com/study-skills-checklist.html)

Reading for Fun

Read the extract from the novel “Three Men in a Boat” by Jerome K. Jerome and answer the following questions:

- What are the advantages and disadvantages of camping out?

- What alternatives to camping out are mentioned in the extract?

- Is George or Harris described by the author in the following way:

1) goes to sleep at a bank from ten to four each day;

2) he and the author were for camping;

3) never “weeps, he knows not why”;

4) always does know a place round the corner where you can get something brilliant in the drinking line;

5) his practical view of the matter came as a very timely hint;

6) said he felt thirsty (the author never knew him when he didn’t)?

- Have you ever experienced camping out? If so, how was it?

We pulled out the maps, and discussed plans.

We arranged to start on the following Saturday from Kingston. Harris and I would go down in the morning, and take the boat up to Chertsey, and George, who would not be able to get away from the City till the afternoon (George goes to sleep at a bank from ten to four each day, except Saturdays, when they wake him up and put him outside at two), would meet us there.

Should we “camp out” or sleep at inns?

George and I were for camping out. We said it would be so wild and free, so patriarchal like.

Slowly the golden memory of the dead sun fades from the hearts of the cold, sad clouds. Silent, like sorrowing children, the birds have ceased their song, and only the moorhen's plaintive cry and the harsh croak of the corncrake stirs the awed hush around the couch of waters, where the dying day breathes out her last.

[…] Harris said:

“How about when it rained?”

You can never rouse Harris. There is no poetry about Harris – no wild yearning for the unattainable. Harris never “weeps, he knows not why”. If Harris's eyes fill with tears, you can bet it is because Harris has been eating raw onions, or has put too much Worcester over his chop.

If you were to stand at night by the sea-shore with Harris, and say:

“Hark! do you not hear? Is it but the mermaids singing deep below the waving waters; or sad spirits, chanting dirges for white corpses, held by seaweed?” Harris would take you by the arm, and say:

“I know what it is, old man; you've got a chill. Now, you come along with me. I know a place round the corner here, where you can get a drop of the finest Scotch whisky you ever tasted – put you right in less than no time.”

Harris always does know a place round the corner where you can get something brilliant in the drinking line. I believe that if you met Harris up in Paradise (supposing such a thing likely), he would immediately greet you with:

“So glad you've come, old fellow; I’ve found a nice place round the corner here, where you can get some really first-class nectar”.

In the present instance, however, as regarded the camping out, his practical view of the matter came as a very timely hint. Camping out in rainy weather is not pleasant.

It is evening. You are wet through, and there is a good two inches of water in the boat, and all the things are damp. You find a place on the banks that is not quite so puddly as other places you have seen, and you land and lug out the tent, and two of you proceed to fix it.

It is soaked and heavy, and it flops about, and tumbles down on you, and clings round your head and makes you mad. The rain is pouring steadily down all the time. It is difficult enough to fix a tent in dry weather: in wet, the task becomes herculean. Instead of helping you, it seems to you that the other man is simply playing the fool.

[…] Rainwater is the chief article of diet at supper. The bread is two-thirds rainwater, the beefsteak-pie is exceedingly rich in it, and the jam, and the butter, and the salt, and the coffee have all combined with it to make soup.

After supper, you find your tobacco is damp, and you cannot smoke. Luckily you have a bottle of the stuff that cheers and inebriates, if taken in proper quantity, and this restores to you sufficient interest in life to induce you to go to bed.

[…] In the morning you are all three speechless, owing to having caught severe colds in the night; you also feel very quarrelsome, and you swear at each other in hoarse whispers during the whole of breakfast time.

We therefore decided that we would sleep out on fine nights; and hotel it, and inn it, and pub it, like respectable folks, when it was wet, or when we felt inclined for a change.

[…] Having thus settled the sleeping arrangements to the satisfaction of all four of us, the only thing left to discuss was what we should take with us; and this we had begun to argue, when Harris said he’d had enough oratory for one night, and proposed that we should go out and have a smile, saying that he had found a place, round by the square, where you could really get a drop of Irish worth drinking.

George said he felt thirsty (I never knew George when he didn’t); and, as I had a presentiment that a little whisky, warm, with a slice of lemon, would do my complaint good, the debate was, by common assent, adjourned to the following night; and the assembly put on its hats and went out.

(Abridged from “Three Men in a Boat” by Jerome K. Jerome, Chapter II)

Tongue twisters

1) A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies. 2) How much wood would a woodchuck chuck,       If a woodchuck would chuck wood?       He would chuck as much wood       As a woodchuck would,       If a woodchuck could chuck wood.

 

UnitVIII

GLOBAL CHALLENGES

The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world’s problems.
(Gandhi)

Warm-up

Discuss the following questions with your partner:

1. What is globalization?

2. Is it good or bad for the progress of human civilization?

3. What global problems does the world face today?

4. Which of them are especially urgent for young people? Why?

5. What must people do to solve them?

6. Are there any particular problems in Russia?

7. How can young people contribute to their solution?

8. Is it important for different countries to reach agreements and compromises?

9. What kind of help can they provide each other?

10. What role do modern means of communication play in providing this help?

11. How can knowledge of English facilitate this process?