Read the choices. Choose the best variant.

1. Epidemiological research cannot give answers to the question ______

1. what causes what
2. of the occurrence of a disease
3. of the mechanism at work

2. Epidemiology is the science that investigates the connection between ______

1. mortality and healthy diets
2. ecology and overall mortality
3. the occurrence of a disease and a particular behavior pattern

3. Fish has been found to be an asset in the fight against ______

1. heart disease
2. iron-deficiency anemia
3. lead poisoning

4. The fish containing high level of omega-3 oil are ______

1. pike, herring, perch, trout and herring
2. salmon, sardines, tuna, yellowtail, trout, mackerel and herring
3. whale, flat-fish, mackerel and salmon

5. There are a smaller amounts of omega-3 oil in ______

1. walnut, soybeans, wheat, rye
2. walnut, soybeans, wheat germs and canola oils
3. canola oils, soybeans, peas, walnuts and flaxseed

6. The most significant benefit from fish may be for those who ______

1. show signs of heart disease
2. are dying of heart disease
3. are becoming fat

2. Translate into Russian.

the occurrence of a disease, behavior pattern, inner-city children, iron-defi­ciency anemia, lead poisoning, lead-based paints, to have a taste for fish, to be asset in the fight against heart-disease, the low incidence of heart disease, fish-eating population, to reduce mortality from heart disease by one-third

 

3. In some sentences sum up the benefits from eating fish.

 

4. Role-play the following situation. What is your idea of a balanced diet? Is it a low-fat, low-calorie diet? Discuss the diet one should eat to stay healthy.

1. You are Dr. E. Blonz. Express your point of view on nutrition (see the article).

2. You are a top model. You are a vegetarian and you insist that your diet helps you keep fit. You consider meat, fish and dairy products poisonous. You work 10–12 hours a day and never get tired.

3. You are an overweight person. You have tried several diets and diet products but failed to reduce your weight. Whenever you lost several pounds you felt giddy and couldn't concentrate on work. Now you eat everything you like and feel happy.

4. You are a sales representative of "Wonderherbs Company". You feel sure that no food can provide the right balance of vitamins and minerals which is an essential part of a healthy diet. It is the "Wonderherbs" liquid diet products that can give you balanced meals.

11. Read the text.

a) Give the text a headline, explain your choice.

I often think what my life would be like if I hadn't gone to the beach that afternoon when I was 14. I was walking along the sand in a beautiful new bathing suit, relaxing after a swim, when a well-dressed man stopped me. "Excuse me, Miss," he said. "I think you could be a model." And he handed me a business card.

"Wow! Thanks!" I said.

Later, I showed my mother the card. "He was joking," she said.

You're wrong, I thought. I was already five-foot nine and had long blond hair, perfect teeth and a good figure. I sneaked out and called the number on the card.

It turned out to be a real modeling agency, and they hired me. Within three years I hit the big time – live network TV. Oh, was it exciting! I'd wear a blue evening gown. The announcer would take a puff on a cigarette and declare, "Chesterfield leaves no unpleasant aftertaste." Then I'd kiss him and say in my smooth-as-silk voice, "You know, and he is right." Also I became a Lucky Strike cover girl, smiling from a million magazines. There I was on a snowy mountain, holding skis and a cigarette as the wind blew my golden hair, urging people to "smoke a Lucky to feel your level best". Of course, the mountain was just a painted backdrop, and I couldn't ski. I didn't even smoke.

But during this same photo session, a tobacco executive drew me aside. "It would be good if you learnt to smoke," he said earnestly, "so you'll know how to hold a cigarette." He didn't pressure, but at 17, I was eager to be a grown woman. It wasn't long before I bought a pack.

The first drag was awful – like sucking on a burning rope. But I was determined to master this proof of sophistication, and each time I tried I found it a little easier.

What I didn't understand was that I was creating an artificial need for nicotine in my body, so that when I smoked I felt a great relief- which I interpreted as pleasure. Soon, I was smoking more than a pack a day. Eventually I quit modeling to raise a family. But I didn't stop smoking. Every time I tried, I'd say, "Well, maybe tomorrow."

In 1983, now 51 and the mother of four, I began having a terrible ear­ache. Finally the doctors found the cause: throat cancer. "We might not have to remove the entire larynx," they assured me.

When I woke up after surgery, I was shivering and desperately needed a blanket. I opened my mouth to call the nurse. No sound came out. My voice was gone.

Now I laugh soundlessly, and when I cry I shed silent tears. My breath­ing is different too. Once, when I answered the phone, the caller said, "What are you, some kind of robot?"

I thought I had paid an awful price for smoking, but at least I was alive – and completely off cigarettes.

In the hospital I wondered, Why me? And I thought, Maybe it's punish­ment for the modeling. Think how many it convinced to smoke. I promised that if I survived, I would begin speaking against smoking.

One night recently, I met three teenage girls waiting for a bus. Their cigarettes glowed like fireflies. "Ladies," I said, "let me introduce myself." My hoarse voice terrified them.

"I smoked at your age," I said. "Maybe you don't care what's going to happen when you're 40. I know I didn't. I just wanted to be cool and glam­orous, like the women in the ads. But those ads are only meant to manip­ulate you. I know – I used to make them."

I told them about my modeling career, and the cancer and left them sau­cer-eyed. I don't know if they understood or not. Young people have to make up their own minds. I just hope it doesn't take them as long as it took me.

b) Work in small groups. Discuss all the dangers and risks of smoking and adver­tising tobacco.

12. Arrange the following in the order: risky – riskier – the riskiest. Explain your ranking.

a) alcohol drinking

b) starting smoking at the age of 13

c) parachute jumping

d) crossing the road in front of the car running at a speed of 120 kmh

e) being drug-addicted

f) being a firefighter

g) overeating

13. Read the passage about Austin's new smoking ordinance.

 

Austinites will now be guaranteed clean air, at least in the morning and early afternoon.

The new ordinance lays out separate regulations for 13 different types of establishments. A predominant feature of the ordinance is that no ' establishment may allow smoking in dining areas from the hours of 6 a.m. to 2 p.m. In addition, restaurants must have separate air filter­ing equipment in smoking areas.

a) Say if you think the measures effective.

b) Discuss in small groups other measures that should be taken to reduce smoking in public places.

c) Teenagers begin to smoke because they think it's cool and glamorous and because they look grown up. For them the cigarette is a symbol of defiance and attack on authority. Read the facts about tobacco addiction which is plaguing children and in small groups discuss what must be done to protect children.

1. Smoking kills 420,000 people a year in the US.

2. The US tobacco industry is spending $4 billion a year on advertising and promotion, much of it targeted at kids.

3. Overall, some 2 million new smokers are needed each year to replace those who quit or die prematurely.

4. Selling cigarettes to minors is unlawful in 46 states of US. Sales to children account for illegal sales of $1.26 billion and profits of $221 million to the industry.

5. The average age of a new smoker is 13, making tobacco addiction an early childhood disease. More than half the high school seniors who smoke are unable to quit.

6. Studies find that only a small percentage of youngsters believe smoking is a health threat. One reason is the way tobacco company advertising associates smoking with glamor and trendiness. But the way the media tend to sensationalize risks – even those that aren't a threat to health – contributes to wide misunderstanding and unwarranted fear.

14. Act out an interview.

You are Tom Harper, a research psychologist who is sure that protecting kids from smoking ought to be the first priority of the nation's health policy, particularly when cigarette smoking has been singled out as the most prevent­able source of death and disease.

Your interviewer is Elizabeth Whelan, who has a teenage daughter and who wants tobacco companies to be held accountable for the damage caused by their product. She also wants to make sure families and children have enough information to make informed decisions about their life style, includ­ing preventive health.

15. Read the article below.