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Passive Voice
Type of the Sentence | the Present Indefinite | the Present Continuous | the Present Perfect | the Present Perfect Continuous |
Affirmative (+) | I am (I’m) asked You are (you’re) asked He, she is (he/she’s) asked We are (we’re) asked You are (you’re) asked They are (they’re) asked | I am (I’m) being asked You are (you’re) being asked He, she is (he/she’s) being asked We are (we’re) being asked You are (you’re) being asked They are(they’re) being asked | I have (I’ve) been asked You have (you’ve) been asked He, she has (he/she’s) been asked We have (we’ve) been asked You have(you’ve) been asked They have (they’ve) been asked | _____________ |
Interrogative (?) | Am I asked? Are you asked? Is he, she asked? Are we asked? Are you asked? Are they asked? | Am I being asked? Are you being asked? Is he, she being asked? Are we being asked? Are you being asked? Are they being asked? | Have I been asked? Have you been asked? Has he, she been asked? Have we been asked? Have you been asked? Have they been asked? | _____________ |
Negative (-) | I am not (I’m not) asked You are not (aren’t) asked He, she is not (isn’t) asked We are not (aren’t) asked You are not (aren’t) asked They are not (aren’t) asked | I am not (I’m not) being asked You are not (aren’t) being asked He, she is not (isn’t) being asked We are not (aren’t) being asked You are not (aren’t) being asked They are not (aren’t) being asked | I have not (haven’t) been asked You have not (haven’t) been asked He, she has not (hasn’t) been asked We have not (haven’t) been asked You have not (haven’t) been asked They have not (haven’t) been asked | _______________ |
Table 3
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The Present Indefinite in Use
№п/п |
Meaning
INDEPENDENT USE
Present Action
*recurrent action in the present
(with terminative verbs)
Note: usu. used with such adverbial modifiers of frequency as
often, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, always, never, ever, every year (day, week, month,), usually, daily, once (twice, three times) a year, daily, on Sundays (Mondays, Tuesdays), etc.
*permanent action in the present
(with durative verbs)
Permanent characteristic
Given through a recurrent action
(marginal case)
General statement or universal truth
( expressed by a recurrent or a permanent action )
5.
Succession of actions at the moment of speaking
6.
An action going on
At the moment of speaking
(instead of the Present Continuous)
Future Action
future action which is certain to take place due to the official arrangement (timetable, schedule, programme, etc.)
(+ indication of the stated time or future time)
Past Action
Succession of actions in the past
(to make a vivid narrative of past events)
(historic or dramatic present)
Table 3
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№п/п |
Meaning | Example | |
DEPENDENT USE | |||
Structurally dependent use | |||
Future Action | |||
9. |
In subclauses
| of time (introduced by when, till, until, before, after, as soon as, etc.) | When the weather is fine, we’ll go for a picnic to Fred’s. But: I don’t know when the weather will be fine (object subclause, the question is what?) |
of condition (introduced by if, unless, in case, on condition that, providing/provided that, etc.) | If the weather is fine, we’ll go for a picnic to Fred’s. But: I wonder if (whether) the weather will be fine (object subclause, the question is what?) | ||
of concession (introduced by even if, even though, no matter how, whenever, whatever, however, etc.) | Even if the weather is bad, we’ll go for a picnic to Fred’s. | ||
10. | in some special questions | with reference to the immediate future | What do we do next? – Что будем делать сейчас/дальше? Where do we go now? – Куда сейчас пойдем? What happens next? – Что будет сейчас/дальше? |
Lexically dependent use
| |||
Future Action | |||
11. |
In object clauses after | to see to (проследить за тем, чтобы…) | He’ ll see that she is properly looked after. Он проследит за тем, чтобы за ней должным образом присмотрели. (досл. присмотрят) |
to make sure (убедиться в том, что…) | He’ ll make sure no harm is done to her. Он убедится в том, что ей не причинят вреда. | ||
to take care (позаботиться о том, чтобы…) | He’ ll take care that no one interferes with them. Он позаботится о том, чтобы никто не вмешивался в их дела. |
* recurrent action - point (instantaneous) action, repeated a number of times.
* permanent action - continuous, uninterrupted process which naturally includes the present moment.
Table 4
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