Practise these words orally. Learn them by heart

· Aft – 1. В кормовой части судна, на корме, 2. Корма

· Abeam – на траверзе

· Athwartship – поперек

· Bay – номер секции от носа к корме (для контейнеровозов)

· Bow – (здесь) нос корабля

· Cargo handling equipment – оборудования для обработки груза

· Coaster – судно прибрежного плавания, каботажное судно

· Fore – носовая оконечность; в носовой части

· Gantry crane – портальный, эстакадный кран

· Humidity control – контроль влажности

· Layer – слой, пласт

· To measure – измерять

· Obstacle – препятствие, помеха

· Perishable cargo – скоропортящийся груз

· Ramp – (здесь) аппарель, наклонная плоскость

· Ro/Ro cargo – колесный груз

· Ro/Ro ship – ролкер, судно с горизонтальной грузообработкой

· Row – ряд, порядковые номера в секции от правого до левого борта

· Stern – корма

· Stow – 1. Хранение, 2. Хранилище; (гл. укладывать, размещать)

· Tier – (сущ.) ряд, ярус, штабель; номер ряда (яруса) по высоте от днища судна (гл. располагать ярусами)

Container ships

  Cargo that has been containerized is carried by container ships.

Containers are most often measured in Twenty Feet Equivalent Units (TEU’s)

And are stowed in a cellular arrangement in Rows, Bays and Tiers.

The rows run abeam, or athwartship; the bays run fore to aft and the tiers are horizontal layers. The free-figure code on each container refers to this stowage system. Thus, each container can easily be found.

Container ships are sometimes equipped with their own gantry cranes that load and discharge the containers. Container ships may carry general cargoes, liquid cargoes or refrigerated cargoes.

Roll-on/ Roll-off ships (Ro/Ro ships)

On a Ro/Ro ship cargo is rolled on and rolled off by lorries or trailers. The great advantage of this system is that no cargo handling equipment is required.

The loaded vehicles are driven aboard via ramps through special stern and bow doors and are properly secured for the passage. Upon arrival in the port of discharge, the vehicles are released and driven ashore to their destinations.

Coasters

A coaster carries cargo along the coast or on sea voyages. Trans-Atlantic voyages are quite common. A coaster is of limited length and tonnage.

Her engine room is situated aft. Often there are no tweendecks and the cargo spaces have no obstacles, so that a variety of cargo can be handled.

Refrigerated – cargo vessels (Reefers)

Refrigerated – cargo vessels are ships that carry perishable cargoes, such as meat or fruit. These cargoes require cooling and must be stored in spaces that have precise temperature and humidity controls during the voyage.

Reefers, as these ships are also called, are equipped with refrigerating plants.

Part 3

Vocabulary and reading

Practise these words orally. Learn them by heart

Cargo handling gear- грузовое устройство

Derelicts and wrecks –фрагменты судна, покинутые экипажем в результате потери плавучести судна

Ferry-паром

To float-плавать

Heavy –load vessel- судно для перевозки тяжеловесных грузов

To hoist-поднимать

Lash-vessel- лихтеровоз типа ЛЭШ

Lighter- лихтер, портовая баржа

Multi-purpose vessel- судно многоцелевого назначения

Raw materials –сырье

Route-маршрут, курс, путь

To submerge-Затоплять, погружать

To tow-буксировать

Tug-буксир

Lash-vessels

“Lash” stands for “Lighter aboard Ship”. A lash-vessel has main deck that is flat and without any obstacles. A lighter is a container that floats in the water. The containers may be hoisted on board by the vessel’s own heavy derricks that stack them on board.

Another way of loading the containers on board is by submerging the vessel first (for this she must be equipped with a powerful pumping –system), then have tugs or push boats tow or push the lighters over the Lash-vessel, after which the vessel will emerge again and will “pick up” the lighters. This type of vessel is also referred to as a “Seabee”.

Heavy-load vessel

Heavy-load vessel have been designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargo on the main deck.

Their most prominent features are very heavy derricks (“booms”), masts and lifting-blocks.

Their cargoes, such as drilling platforms, engines, yachts, trains, derelict and wrecks, are loaded onto the main deck, which is free from any obstacles.

Timber Carriers

Timber is a raw material from which wood-products are manufactured.

Vessels that carry timber can easily be recognized by their tall derricks.

A timber carrier has been designed in such a way that she can carry a tall deck cargo.

Multi-purpose Vessels

Cargo ships that carry both general cargo, bulk cargo and containerized cargo are called multi-purpose vessels. These ships are equipped with a variety of cargo handling gears to load and discharge the different types of cargoes.

An OBO-ship has been designed to carry oil/bulk/ore. She has been subdivided in such a way that oil can be carried in the largest compartments and ore can be carried in the smaller compartments.

Passenger Ships

Passenger ships, such as cross-Channel ferries, have been designed to carry passengers and their vehicles on a prearranged route.

Their main features are more or less the same as the features of the Ro/Ro vessels. Cruise ships have been especially designed to carry holidaymakers.

Task 1 Complete the chart

“Purpose she serves” give a short description of the purpose the vessel serves.

For example: to transport…, to assist….

“Features of design” give a short description of particular details of the vessel.

Type of vessel	Purpose she serves	Features of design
1.	To …
2.	to…

 

Срок выполнения до 4.04.2020

Home task

Make a presentation: “Types of Ships” using the information from a book

Kitaevich B.E. Cargo work

 

 

Type of vessel	Purpose she serves	Features of design
Liners and Tramps	Have been designed to transport cargo or and passengers.	Her sailing schedule has been prearranged – she has a fixed homeport, port of destination and port(s) of call, and fixed ETA’s and ETD’s (Estimated Times of arrival and Estimated Times of Departure). A liner-vessel is allowed to carry up to 12 passengers.
General Cargo Ships	Serves for transport General cargo	has been packed in crates, boxes or bags, or cargo coming in pieces (unpacked cargo items). Cargo is loaded and discharged by the vessel’s own derricks or by shore based cranes.
Bulk Carriers	Serves for transport Bulk cargo	Dry bulk cargo, such as grain, ore, fertilizers, etc. is carried in specially designed vessels with holds that have been divided into compartments by longitudinal and transverse separations, so that the ship’s stability will not be affected by a full cargo. Dry bulk cargo is loaded and discharged by cranes with grabs or by pumps.
Container ships	Has been containerized is carried by container ships.	The rows run abeam, or athwartship; the bays run fore to aft and the tiers are horizontal layers. The free-figure code on each container refers to this stowage system. Thus, each container can easily be found. Container ships are sometimes equipped with their own gantry cranes that load and discharge the containers. Container ships may carry general cargoes, liquid cargoes or refrigerated cargoes.
Roll-on/ Roll-off ships	Serves for transport rolled on and rolled off by lorries or trailers	this system is that no cargo handling equipment is required. The loaded vehicles are driven aboard via ramps through special stern and bow doors and are properly secured for the passage.
Coasters	Serves for coaster carries cargo along the coast or on sea.	A coaster is of limited length and tonnage. Her engine room is situated aft. Often there are no tweendecks and the cargo spaces have no obstacles, so that a variety of cargo can be handled.
Refrigerated-cargo vessels (Reefers)	Serves for carry perishable cargoes, such as meat or fruit.	Reefers, as these ships are also called, are equipped with refrigerating plants.
Lash-vessels.	Serves for for cargo transportation in lighters or barges, container.	Lash-vessel has main deck that is flat and without any obstacles. A lighter is a container that floats in the water. The containers may be hoisted on board by the vessel’s own heavy derricks that stack them on board. Another way of loading the containers on board is by submerging the vessel first (for this she must be equipped with a powerful pumping –system), then have tugs or push boats tow or push the lighters over the Lash-vessel, after.
Heavy-load vessel	Have been designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargo on the main deck	Their most prominent features are very heavy derricks (“booms”), masts and lifting-blocks. Their cargoes, such as drilling platforms, engines, yachts, trains, derelict and wrecks, are loaded onto the main deck, which is free from any obstacles.
Timber Carriers	Serves for transport cargo make wood-products are manufactured.	Timber carrier has been designed in such a way that she can carry a tall deck cargo.
Multi-purpose Vessels	Cargo ships that carry both general cargo, bulk cargo and containerized cargo. OBO-ship has been designed to carry oil/bulk/ore.	These ships are equipped with a variety of cargo handling gears to load and discharge the different types of cargoes.
Passenger Ships	have been designed to carry passengers and their vehicles on a prearranged route.	Their main features are more or less the same as the features of the Ro/Ro vessels. Cruise ships have been especially designed to carry holidaymakers.