Изучить использование электричества в сельском хозяйстве.

Electrification in agriculture is crucial. This is an interesting area that concerns not only light bulbs on farms or lighting for protected fields. Now there are a huge number of innovative concepts that are gradually being introduced into a large number of areas of this industry important for each country. But you need to understand the feasibility of introducing these innovations at each stage or in a certain direction. The latest inventions simply amaze the imagination, but ProfElectro experts selected only the most useful ones that can bring real benefits. We can talk about a large number of electrical and magnetic phenomena that are spreading in various products, devices, units.
The use of electricity in agriculture

Consider the most interesting innovative methods to achieve high-quality results:

1) Burning pests and weeds by electric discharges. This is the so-called soil sterilization. This method has a large number of different opponents who say that this is a crime against nature. But in order to get the most out of the soil, it is necessary to understand that the main task of the farmer is not to create various ecological systems, but to direct the effectiveness of various measures. An electrolyte is introduced into the soil in the form of a fertilizer solution, and then the soil breaks through short and powerful electric discharges. All pests, including eggs and pupae of butterflies, beetles, various caterpillars and small rodents, quickly die. This effect also suppresses weed shoots, which makes this treatment advisable only in early spring. After that, the dominant culture of earthworms forming soil aeration is populated on the field.
2) Electricity recycling systems. Farms produce a large amount of organic matter, capable of generating a large amount of heat and almost pure methane during the debate. This explosive gas is used to generate electricity at mini-thermal power plants, and it also allows the removal of thermal calories towards farms for their year-round heating. At the outlet of the generator, all organic residues simply decay, and then nutritious compote is formed. Farms get a double benefit.

3) Electromagnetic stimulation of plant growth. This concept is only gaining momentum, but it is believed that it is it that will allow you to get record yields. In Soviet times, gardens and cottages were often handed out under unused areas of high-voltage power lines. Many gardeners noted that plants feel much more confident under the constant influence of magnetic fields, and the fruits ripen faster. This makes some sense, but in order to achieve an artificial similar environment, a continuous coating of greenhouses is necessary. This will allow you to get large crops without fertilizing. The cost of electricity for magnetic field generators is small.
4) Use of automated or robotic units. In the near future, scientists believe, human participation will be minimized. Therefore, a large number of different devices are now being bought up by large corporations in order to reduce the number of paid salaries.
5) Active lightning rods for horticultural crops. This is especially true in the conditions of cultivation of gardens in the mountains. It hits farmers very much, because in one season you can lose up to 2-3% of the garden fund of fruiting trees. Such protection will provide a stable crop. But in some cultures, the number of fruits depends on age.

 

2. Применение электрической энергии в сельском хозяйстве (на примере животноводства)

Livestock farms are designed for livestock. Modern livestock farms are large specialized enterprises, including the construction of the main and auxiliary purposes. A characteristic feature of existing and newly built livestock farms is the comprehensive mechanization and automation of the main and auxiliary operations of production processes. According to electrical safety conditions, a livestock farm is a hazardous area. To ensure the safety of staff and animals, it is necessary to reliably ground all metal parts of electrical installations that may be under voltage from above 42V. It is systematically necessary to check the reliability of the grounding of the motor housings, starting, protective and regulatory equipment, the resistance of the grounding device should not exceed 40 m.

A room with an increased risk of electric shock is characterized by the presence of one of the following conditions:

1. Moisture, in which the relative humidity for a long time exceeds 75%, but below 100%;

2. Floors with relatively high electrical conductivity, for example:

Metal, earthen, reinforced concrete, brick, etc.;

3. High temperature for a long time exceeding 300C;

4. The ability to simultaneously touch a person to grounded structures.

2. PUE requirements for internal wires

Electrical wiring is a set of wires and cables with related protective structures and parts installed in accordance with the PUE.

Wiring differ in the following types:

1. Open wiring - laid on the surface of walls, the ceiling, on trusses and other building elements of buildings and structures, on supports, etc.

With open wiring, the following laying of wires and cables is applied directly on the surface of walls, ceilings, on strings, cables, insulators, in pipes, boxes, flexible metal sleeves on boats, in electric skirting boards and platbands of a free surface, etc. open wiring can be stationary, mobile and portable.

2. Concealed wiring - laid in the nutria of the structural elements of buildings and structures (in walls, floors, foundations, ceilings), as well as on ceilings in the preparation of the floor, directly under the removable floor.

With hidden wiring, the following methods of laying wires and cables are used: in pipes, in flexible metal sleeves, boxes, in closed channels and voids in structures, in plastered furrows, plastered.

When laying wires and cables in pipes, boxes, flexible metal hoses and closed channels, it must be carried out by means of drawing, soldering or with a clamp, a supply of wire must be provided that allows reconnection, detachment or connection of the connection and detachment of wires and cables should be available for inspection and repair, and mechanical tension efforts should not be.

Wiring must comply with environmental conditions, the purpose and value of the structures of their structures and architectural features.

The choice of wiring types, the selection of wires and cables and the method of their laying should be carried out in accordance with the PUE plates. If there are two or more conditions characterizing the environment at the same time, the wiring must comply with all these conditions.

3. The choice of the brand of wires, their cross-section and methods of laying

Electrical wiring must comply with environmental conditions, the purpose and values ​​of the structure, their design and architectural features. When choosing the type of wiring and the method of laying wires and cables, the requirements of electrical safety and fire safety must be taken into account. The choice of types of electrical wiring, the selection of wires and cables and the method of their laying should be carried out in accordance with the tables of the EMP. If at the same time there are two or more conditions characterizing the environment, the electrical wiring must comply with all these conditions. The sheaths and insulation of the wires and cables used in the electrical wires must comply with the installation method and environmental conditions. The insulation, in addition, must match the rated voltage of the network. Zero working wiring must have insulation equivalent to that of phase conductors. In production normal rooms, the use of steel pipes and cables of open electrical wiring is allowed.

Since the livestock farm is a production building - we accept hidden electrical wiring in the pipes; lay the wire of the АПВ brand, four wires in the pipe.

The task of calculating the electrical wiring is to select the cross-section of the conductors, while the cross-section should be minimal and satisfy the following requirements:

1. permissible current;

2. electrical protection;

3. permissible voltage losses;

4. mechanical strength.

 

 

3. Обобщение изученного по теме

Тренировочный модуль

Выполнение упражнений

Тест: Electrical system"
1. What units belong to the power supply system?
a) generator
b) starter
c) relay regulator
d) electric lamp

2. What types of generators are used in a car?
a) stationary
b) high-frequency
c) alternating current
d) low-frequency
3.What are the main elements of a car alternator?
a) rotor, stator, field winding
b) traction relay, plain bearing, belt
c) BB bracket, bearing cover
d) drive gear, relay coil

4. What is the relay regulator used for?
a) to control the resistance

b) for automatic c) voltage regulation

c) for regulating the current strength

d) to regulate the intensity of light

5.What function does the diode bridge play in the car’s alternator?
a) to regulate the voltage of the generator

b) to control the current strength

c) for regulation of resistance

d) for rectification (conversion) of alternating current into direct current

6.What are the main parameters of the battery?

a) power

b) electromotive force
c) electrolyte temperature

d) the state of the electrolyte

7.What does an ammeter measure?

a) current strength

b) resistance

c) voltage

d) power

8.How to connect an ammeter?
a) in parallel with the battery

b) in series with the battery

c) according to the triangle pattern

d) and in parallel, sequentially.

9. Which of the following answers can be attributed to the method of charging the battery?
a) at direct current
b) stationary
c) variable method
d) nominal

10.What devices are used to control battery charging?
a) ammeter
b) wattmeter
c) load fork
d) tachometer

 

Шкала ответов тренировочного модуля

 

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4. Домашнее задание

1. перевести выделенный текст

2. выполнить контрольное задание

 

Контрольное задание

Ex1. Underline the correct form to make conditional sentences.

1. If Rita opens /will open a boutique in the High Street, she’ll make lots of money.
2. If the economy doesn’t improve, lots of businesses will close / would close down.
3. This burglar alarm is so sensitive: it goes off if a mouse runs / will run across the floor.
4. George may go to prison unless he won’t pay / pays his taxes.
5. The company was / would be more successful if it spent more money on advertising.
6. If the employees of a company are/were happy, they work harder.
7. We might sell our business if it makes / would make another loss this year.
8. It looks like Molly’ll be okay, unless something new will happen / happens.
9. Unless Shelly had read him wrong, Jack would find /would have found her unorthodox approach irresistible.
10. Mat would not trust/ didn’t trust that unless he had to.

Ex2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме условного наклонения. Open the brackets to form conditionals. Mind mixed conditionals!

1. If Felix (to be) ___________ here I would have seen him.
2. Michael would not agree even if you (to ask) ____________ him.
3. If they (mention) __________ this yesterday, everything would have been done.
4. If I (to find) __________ that letter, I’ll show it to you.
5. If I meet him, I (to invite) __________ him.

Ex 3. Переведите следующие  предложения на английский.

1. Джаггер пригрозил уйти в отставку, если правительство потерпит поражение
2. Если бы в компании согласились, мы могли бы достичь быстрого прогресса.
3. Компания вернет деньги, если вы передумаете.
4. Выставка, возможно, закрылась бы, если бы они не нашли новых спонсоров.
5. Я бы отказался сотрудничать, если бы я был в вашем положении

Шкала ответов

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Ребята, тестовые задания и упражнения  выполняете в вордовском документе и отправляете мне на электронную почту или в ВК [email protected] или в ВК 

Преподаватель Плотникова Ю.В. [email protected]

Конспект урока английского языка

Дата: 20.04.2020.(2 урок)