The British Parliament ( Парламент Великобритании )

 

There are four countries in the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Laws in Great Britain are made by Parliament. It consists of two Chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The House of Commons is more important as it governs the country. The members of the House of Commons are elected by secret ballot. They belong to different political parties. The main parties are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. The chief executive is the Prime minister. He heads the Government but is not the Head of State.

Great Britain is a monarchy and the Head of State is a monarch whose power is limited by Parliament. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the Party that has a majority in the House of Commons. Each new Prime Minister can make change in his cabinet, appoint new ministers and make other changes.

The Prime Minister takes policy decisions with the agreement of his ministers. He often holds Cabinet Meetings at his official residence at No10 Downing Street which is very near the Hoses of Parliament in Westminster.

The power of the Cabinet is controlled by Parliament.

There are two chambers in the British Parliament and they are called Houses – the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

In the House of Lords one can see the throne on which the Queen sits when she opens Parliament. One can also see the woolsack on which the Lord Chancellor sits. The fact is that for hundred of years wool had been known as one of the most important exports of Great Britain.

The House of Commons does not look as splendid as the House of Lords with its beautiful red benches.

Each Chamber has galleries. Seats in the galleries are reserved for the use of the public. In the language of the Parliament they are called “strangers”.

 

Вопрос к тексту.

1. What are the four countries in Great Britain?

2. What parts does the Parliament consist of?

Вариант 6.

Задание №1. Откройте скобки и поставьте глагол в форме Perfect, Active или Passive.

1. My invitation (to accept) with pleasure by them today.

2. The experimental laboratory (to built) by next academic year.

3. A new stadium (to built) quite near my house recently.

4. When we rang them up the plan (to discuss) already.

5. I (to bring) you a dictionary. Here it is.

6. After the dictionaries (to bring) we began translating the book.

7. He asked me if I (to invite) them to the play.

 

Задание №2. Перевод инфинитивных и причастных оборотов.

1. Предполагают, что много источников Х-лучей    существует во Вселенной, но технические трудности исследования их - велики.

2. Подвергнув кристаллы воздействию Х-радиации, ученые могут добывать материалы со специальными свойствами.

3. Сварные места соединения облучают Х-лучами, чтобы проверить прочность сварки.

4. Учеными были спроектированы и построены дома, которые можно обогревать солнечным излучением.

5. Инженеры начинают применять радиоволны, производимые в атомных реакторах, для физических измерений и в радиографии.

 

Задание №3.   Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Over the last thirty years a new approach to management has been developing. According to it the way to increase workers’ efficiency is to improve their job satisfaction and motivation. The methods of making work more interesting include job enlargement, job enrichment and new forms of group work.

Job enrichment involves giving extra responsibilities to workers such as production planning, quality control and technical development. Special types of work groups have been formed where workers share responsibility for certain tasks. For example, at the Volvo car plant in Sweden assembly workers do not work on a moving production line. They are organized into teams of fifteen to twenty members. They have their own tasks, like assembling heating and electrical systems, and they work in their own part of the factory. As can be seen, the basic idea of this approach that a worker should have an interesting job.

In the 1930s Professor Elton Mayo, a Harvard University psychologist, evaluated the factors influencing productivity. He and his colleagues directed a series of experiments on how working conditions affected output. Such things as lighting, lunch times, rest periods, wall colors, pay and temperature were varied to see how they affected productivity. The researchers generally discussed the changes with the workers before putting them into effect. It was found that there was an increase in productivity whether conditions were better or worse.

вопрос к тексту.

What methods of making work do you know?

Вариант 7.

Задание №1. Поставьте прилагательные в скобках в сравнительную или превосходную степень.

1. In summer the days are (long) than the nights.

2. The (long) day of the year is the 21-st of June.

3. This article is (difficult) for me.

4. This is (good) topic for your report.

5. She reads (much) than you do.

6. His manners are (peasant) than the manners of this friends.

  Задание №2. Перевод инфинитивных и причастных оборотов.

1. Предполагают, что много источников Х-лучей    существует во Вселенной, но технические трудности исследования их - велики.

2. Подвергнув кристаллы воздействию Х-радиации, ученые могут добывать материалы со специальными свойствами.

3. Сварные места соединения облучают Х-лучами, чтобы проверить прочность сварки.

4. Учеными были спроектированы и построены дома, которые можно обогревать солнечным излучением.

5. Инженеры начинают применять радиоволны, производимые в атомных реакторах, для физических измерений и в радиографии.

                  

Задание №3.   Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

 

C.F. Powell (1903-1969) (Пауэлл)

Powell was born in December 1903 in England. His parents were poor and they were determined to give their children a good education to increase their opportunities for a better life. In 1921 Powell won a scholarship of one of the colleges at Cambridge’s which he graduated in 1925 with first-class honors in science. He started his scientific career at the Cavendish laboratory headed by Ernest Rutherford. After gaining his scientific degree at Cambridge in 1928 Powell accepted a position at the new Physics laboratory in the University of Bristol. Powell spent the rest of this career there advancing to professor in 1948 and director of the laboratory in 1964.

In 1947 Powell’s Bristol group identified a new particle in the cosmic radiation. Powell and other two scientist discovered the -meson and demonstrated that this sub-nuclear particle was produced directly in nuclear reaction and rapidly decayed in flight, producing the -meson. The discovery solved a complicated scientific problem and helped open a new era of particle physics.

вопрос к тексту.

For what discovery was Powell awarded the Nobel Prize?

Вариант 8.

Задание №1.

Перепишите предложения, поставьте вместо пропусков одно из неопределенных местоимений: some, any. Переведите предложения письменно.

1. When you come to Moscow, you can meet me ______ time.

2. With the special tourist train ticket you can travel on ____ train you like.

3. Can you give me ____ information about our new partner?

4. I am going to buy ______books on bookkeeping. They have information I need.

Задание № 2.

Задайте к предложениям общий вопрос и как можно больше специальных вопросов.

1. Children were sleeping at that time yesterday.

2. The friends left at a quarter to five.

3. Boys will be playing football the whole afternoon tomorrow.

4. We are singing our favorite song.

5. I always read newspapers in the morning.

6. Students will translate this difficult text tomorrow.

Задание №3.   Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Computers graphics.

                Computer art for Russia is considered unusual and impossible, prefabs because one needs a computer. Traditional art in this country is anti-technological. In Russia ‘what’ was always more important that ‘now ’.

     Computers, however, are not only for show business, commercials or animations, but also artwork. Enthusiasts started the Institute of Technological Art, ITA, which itself almost appears to illustrate the “thought of non-existing realism “. There is no place or state, just a group of people that demonstrate a few amazing computer illustrations. D&D, are famous Muscovite conceptualist, established ITA. He started with simple experiments. He sent through the computer deferent films which later turned into works of art. Each time he made his experiment more difficult, by either adding light, sound or an entire new performance.

Вопрос к тексту.

What is ccomputers graphics?

Вариант 9.

 Задание №1.

Перепишите предложения, выбрав верный ответ. Напишите глагол в инфинитиве. Переведите предложения письменно.

1.Although we live in the twentieth century, many people are interested in things that _____ in the sixteenth century.

a) will happen b) had happened c) happened

2.It’s cold in the room. The window ____open for a long time.

a) has been b) was c) is

3.Why is it so quiet in the office? – everybody ____for the talks recently.

a) left b) has left c) leaves

4.I have ____ in Moscow since I was born.

a) live b) lived c) have lived

 

Задание №2.  Заполните пропуски предлогами:

1. ___the evening he usually watches TV.

2. They like to stay __ their parents on Sundays.

3. I leave home__ 8 o’clock __ the morning and come __ 5 o’clock __ the evening.

4. My friends often ask me to come __ their place.

5. Yesterday I met an old friend of mine __ the bus stop.

6. Don’t take my papers __ my table.

7. I work __9 a.m. __ 6 p.m. every day.

8. One of my relatives lives __ Canada now.

9. __ summer we usually stay in the country.

10. He attends lectures __ the University.

 

Задание №3.   Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

 

Decision-making is a key management responsibility. There are decisions which are made quickly. Because a manager is experienced, he knows what to do in certain situations.

Other decisions are often intuitive ones. The manager may have a feeling that a certain course of action is the right one. Thus, when looking for an agent in an overseas market, a sales manager may have several companies to choose from. However, he may choose one organization simply because be feels it would be the most suitable agent.

Many decisions are more difficult to make since they involve problem-solving. To make good decisions, the manager should be able to select rationally a course of action. In practice, decisions are usually made in circumstances which are not ideal. They must be made quickly, with insufficient information.

When a complex problem arises, the manager has to collect facts and weigh up courses of action. The process of decision-making consists of four phases: 1)defining the problem; 2)analyzing and collecting information; 3)working out options; 4)deciding on the best solution.

As a first step, the manager must identify and define the problem. And it is important that he does not mistake the symptoms of a problem for the real problem. Consider the case of a department store which finds that profits are falling and sales decreasing rapidly. These are symptoms of a problem. The manager must ask himself what the store’s real problems is. Does the store have the wrong image? Is it selling the wrong goods? Or the right goods at the wrong prices?

Making decisions involves a degree of risk. It is the manager’s job to minimize that risk. Then the manager should consider the options available for solving the problem because there are usually several ways of solving a problem.

Вопрос к тексту.

What phases does the process of decision-making consist of?

Вариант 10.

Задание №1.

Используя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках, составьте такие специальные вопросы, чтобы следующие предложения были ответом на них. Напишите вопросы.

Модель. The University organizes lectures (what).

              What does the University organize?

1. Many years ago Oxford University admitted only men (whom).

2. At lectures the teacher and his students discuss every undergraduate’s paper (who).

3. The students go to the language laboratory to watch video films (why).

4. The manager went on a business trip to France (where).

Задание №2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на оборот “there + be”:

1. There are many variants of this story.

2. There is much sense in what you say.

3. Is there any news for today?

4. How many exams is there this term?

5. There was much evidence at the court.

6. There is no need to discuss this problem now.

7. In some years there will be a lot of specialists in this field of science.

8. There were all the necessary conditions to do this work properly.

 

Задание №3.   Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Biochemistry.

 

The chemistry of life, or “biochemistry” as chemists call it, is an area in which the classical fields of chemistry and biology meet. It can be called “molecular biology”. Biochemistry is the study of the structures and reactions of the thousands of compounds involved in life process. Biochemistry is considered to be the most complex area of chemistry.

Living things represent the most efficient, sophisticated, compact chemical “factories” ever known. How, for example, do cells of the body know when to divide and multiply into new cells having the same characteristics as the original cells? When the body is afflicted by disease or by a wound how does the body protect itself and repair the damage? We know these processes to involve thousands of different chemical compounds.

When we compare the nervous system to man-made electronic computers the efficiency and complexity of the biological systems become even more impressive. Despite great advances in computer technology, the greatest computer ever built is almost insignificant being compared to a human brain weighing little more than a kilogram. A computer can perform mathematical operations millions of times faster than a person, but think of some of the things the nervous system can do. For example, it can cause your arm to reach out and touch an object. The brain can translate signals from the retina of the eyes into three dimensional color images. It can translate a series of frequencies detected by the ear into thoughts whereas a computer can only perform operations being programmed by a person. As to the storage capacity the brain really wins out. The largest computers have storage capacity of about one million “words” but some experts believe the brain to store up all the signals it receives.

Вопрос к тексту.

What phenomena are not understood in biochemistry?

 

Задания для ДОМАШНЕЙ контрольной работы № 2 (2 курс)

Вариант № 1

Задание 1. Вставьте где необходимо    much /      many и переведите предложения.

 

1. Thank you very…

2. My friend didn't make... mistakes.

3. How... money have you got?

4. There isn't... milk in the bottle.

5. I haven't got... time, but I'll try to help you.

6. Have your parents been to... countries?

7. There weren't... people in the street.

8. Has your son made... friends in France?

9. Dan doesn't spend... money on his clothes.

10. You watch TV too....

11. Was there... traffic in sight?

12. Did you take... photos in Spain?

13. Try to do as... as possible.

14. Do you get... letters every week?

15. My wife didn't speak... at the party.

16.1 enjoyed the concert very....

17. Sue took as... books as she could carry herself.

Задание 2. Замените выделенные части предложения инфинитивными оборотами.

1. I have no books which I can read.

2. The problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve it.

3. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert.

4. Soon we found that there was another problem that we were to consider.

 

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. Мягко выражаясь, она была невежлива.

2. Ваша работа оставляет желать лучшего.

3. Сказать по правде, я не люблю бокс.

4. Вашей сестре трудно угодить.

5. Начнем с того, что я занят.

 

Задание 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. I don’t feel like seeing him.

2. I insist on being told the truth.

3. I object to his borrowing money from you.

4. He went home without seeing the film.

5. This old man likes telling fairy-tales.

 

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

1. I (be) delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur-coat.

2. If he (not to read) so much, he (not to be) so clever.

3. If they (not to go)to Moscow, they (not to hear) the famous musicians.

4. We (to stay) at home if you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic.

5. You (to consult) the doctor if you (not to be) so careless about your health.

Задание 6. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

The Island of Great Britain

1. Great Britain is the name of the largest island of the British Isles and it is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, it does not include Northern Ireland. In everyday speech Great Britain is used to mean the United Kingdom. Geographically, the island of Great Britain is subdivided into two main regions - Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines, and the Lake District. The Pennine Chain extends southward from the Cheviot Hills into Midlands, a plain region with low hills and valleys.

2. England is separated from Scotland by the Cheviot Hills running from east to west. The chief rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, flowing along the border between England and Wales, tributaries of which include the Avon, famed by Shakespeare; the Thames, which flows eastward to the port of London and some others. The swiftest flowing river in the British Isles is the Spey. Part of the border between Scotland and England is along the lower reaches of the Tweed, near which is made the woolen fabric that bears its name.

3. There are many lakes in Great Britain. On the north-west side of the Pennine system lies the Lake District, containing the beautiful lakes which give it its name. This district is widely known for its associations with the history of English literature and especially with the name of William Wordsworth (1770 - 1859), the founder of the Lake School of poets.

4. The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, and Edinburgh. The most important ports are: London, Glasgow, Liverpool, Southampton, Belfast and Cardiff.

 

Вариант № 2

Задание 1. Вставьте где необходимо   предлоги и переведите предложения.

1. He arrived... Great Britain half a month ago.

2. He lives... Chicago,

3. - Where is my English exercise-book?

- I don't know. Try to find it... your books... your shelf.

4. Let's go... the cinema.

5. My sister isn't... home, she is... school.               

6. Don't you know that Carlson lived…a small house... the roof?

7 - Is it far... here... the market?

- No, it's not The market is opposite... that house.    

8. - Why can't you find the newspaper? It's... front... you... the window-sill!

9. My friend lives…Petrovka Street.

10. We'll wait for you... the station.

11 I’ve never been … Paris.

12. When does your train arrive... the station?

13. Go... Gower Street till you see the Bloomsbury Theatre... your right

14. Pour some water... the kettle, please.

15. We spent two lovely weeks... the Mediterranean Sea.

16 Turn left... the first traffic lights.

 

Задание 2. Замените выделенные части предложения инфинитивными оборотами.

1. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling?

2. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it.

3. I am glad that I see all my friends here.

4. I have brought you a book which you can read now.

 

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. На него было приятно смотреть.

2. Короче говоря, он не сдал экзамен.

3. Мы все были рады, не говоря уже о маме.

4. Твое сочинение оставляет желать лучшего.

5. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере.

 

Задание 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. I don’t mind wearing this dress.

2. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining-room.

3. On being told the news she turned pale.

4. He never agreed to their going on that dangerous voyage.

5. I did not approve of your drinking so much coffee.

 

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

1. If it (not to be) too cold, I (not to put) on my coat.

2. I (to write) the composition if you (not to disturb) me.

3. His vocabulary (to increase) greatly if he (to read) fifty pages.

4. You (to go) to the Philharmonic much more often if you really (to love) music.

5. You (to understand) the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher’s explanation.

Задание 6. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

England

1. Of the four parts which make up Great Britain England is the largest, the industrial and the most densely populated part of the United Kingdom. Over 46 million people of the population of the United Kingdom live in England.

2. The greatest concentrations of population are in London, Birmingham and northwest industrial cities. The coasts of England are washed by the North Sea, Irish Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. No part of England is more than 120 kilometres from the sea.

3. It is interesting to note that the sea has been important in the history of England. It was a good protection against the attacks of outside peoples. Fishing has always been an important industry, especially in the east. The sea also has a great effect on England’s climate.

4. There are many rivers in England. The longest and the most important is the Thames. The rivers are of great importance for communication and especially for carrying goods.

5. England is mostly a lowland country. There are upland regions in the north and the southwest, but the rest of England is almost flat.

6. Northern England, Midlands and Southern England – each part of England is different. The Lake District in Northern England with its lakes, mountains and valleys is a favorite holiday area. On either side of the Pennines the plains of Yorkshire and Lancashire stretch to the sea. In Yorkshire swift rivers flow down from the hills into valleys called ‘dales’.

7. The wool industry is centred in Leeds and Bradford, the cotton industry in Manchester, iron ore goes to the steel, heavy machinery and shipbuilding industries of Newcastle and other cities. The industries of Midlands produce metal goods, from motor cars and railway engines to pins and buttons. The Midlands plain makes good farm land.

Вариант № 3

Задание 1. Заполните пропуски и переведите предложения.

1. - Hello, I... Kate Kern. And what... your name?

2. - Hi, my name... Ann Brown. I... glad to meet you.

3. - Where... you live, Ann?

4. -I... from Leeds. And where... you from?

5. -I... from London.... there a sports centre in Leeds?

6. - Yes, there... three big sports centers in my town.

7. - What... your favorite sport?

8. -I like swimming. And what about you?...you like swimming?

9.-No, I... But my best friend.... And I like tennis.

10. -...you... any hobbies?...you like reading?

11.-Yes, I....

12. — What... your favorite books?

13. -I like detective stories. Do you?

14. — No, I.......you... any brothers or sisters?

15. — No, I... an only child.

16. - And I... a brother.

17.-How old...he?

18. - He... 4. He... go to school. I help him much.

19. - You... a happy girl.

Задание 2. Замените выделенные части предложения инфинитивными оборотами.

1. Don’t forget that she has a baby which she must take care of.

2. The baby is so little that it cannot walk.

3. I was afraid of going past that place alone.

4. I need something I could write with.

 

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. Для начала она открыла все окна.

2. С моим соседом трудно иметь дело.

3. По правде говоря, я очень устал.

4. Его поведение оставляет желать лучшего.

5. Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили.

 

Задание 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. Would you mind coming again in a day or two?

2. Though he was tired, he went on walking.

3. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once.

4. Everybody will discuss the event, there is no preventing it.

5. The place is worth visiting.

 

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

1. Your health (to be) much better if you (to do) your morning exercises.

2. He certainly (to tell) her all about it if she (to ask) him.

3. If you (to understand) the rule, you (to write) the test-paper successfully.

4. If you (to write) the test-paper successfully, you (not to get) a “two”.

5. I (not to do) it if you (not to ask) me.

Задание 6. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Scotland

1. Although Scotland takes up one third of the territory of the British Isles, its population is not very big.

2. Scotland is divided into three regions: the Highlands, which is the most northern area with a harsh climate, the Lowlands, which is the most industrial region, with about three quarters of the population, and the Southern Uplands, with hills, which border on England.

3. The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. They reach their highest point in Ben Nevis (1343 m). Many valleys between the hills are filled with lakes, called ‘lochs’. The best- known is Loch Ness where some people think a large monster lives.

4. Most of the population of Scotland is concentrated in the Lowlands. Here, on the Clyde, is Glasgow, Scotland’s biggest city. This city is turning into an important cultural centre. Glasgow is sometimes called ‘the friendly city’.

5. Shipbuilding is one of its most important industries; other industries are iron and steel, heavy and light engineering and coal-mining. It is the centre of the working- class movement and has glorious revolutionary traditions.

6. Scotland had been an independent state and was joined into the United Kingdom in 1707, after a long struggle for its independence.

7. Edinburgh has been the capital since the 15^th century when its fortified castle was centre of Scotland’s resistance to its enemies. Edinburgh is the cultural centre of Scotland. It is associated with the world-famous Edinburgh Festival of Music and Drama. The festival was first held in 1947 and has been held annually ever since. Its emblem is a thistle. The Edinburgh International Festival of 1987 was devoted to our country. Our musicians, dancers and singers had a great success.

 

Вариант № 4

Задание 1. Выберите подходящий вариант и переведите предложения.

1. I met my (good) friend yesterday.

A. goodest

В. Better

 С. Best

2. Dorothy is (young) in her family.

A. the youngest

В. the younger

С. Young

3. Henry is not (strong) his elder brother Bob.

A. so strong as

В. strong as

С. Stronger

4. - It isn't very warm today, is it?

- No, it was (warm) yesterday.

A. more warm

В. warmer

С. the warmest

5. Your friend looked upset yesterday. I'm glad he looks (happy) today.

A. more happy

В. happier

С. happy as

6. Where is (near) post-office, please?

A. the nearest

В. the next

С. Nearer

7. Your son didn't help you much,...?

A...., did he?

В...., had he?

8. They sent a letter the day before yesterday,...?

A.... did they?

В.... hadn't they?

С.... didn't they?

9. My Dad hasn't read the newspaper yet,...?

A.... hasn't he?

В.... has he?

С. … did he?

10. There will be a nice film on TV tonight,...?

A.... won't there?

В...., will it?

С...., will there?

11. Neither your parents nor mine can lend us some money,…?

A...., can they?

В...., can't they?

С...., do they?

12. He never uses his car except when it's necessary,...?

A...., doesn't he?

В...., does he?

С.....isn't it?

13. There's little point in doing anything about it, …?

A...., is it?

В...., isn't there?

С...., is there?

 

Задание 2. Замените выделенные части предложения инфинитивными оборотами.

1. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject?

2. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight.

3. My sister will be thrilled when she is wearing a dress as lovely as that.

4. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow.

 

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. На этих детей приятно смотреть.

2. Короче говоря, они поженились.

3. По меньшей мере, мы были удивлены.

4. Нашим детям трудно угодить.

5. Их было пятеро, не считая Петра.

 

Задание 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. They went on talking.

2. He keeps insisting on my going to the south.

3. Stop laughing at him.

4. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question?

5. She cannot put off doing this translation.

 

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

1. If my friend (to be) at home, he (to tell) us what to do.

2. If you (to give) me your address, I (to write) you a letter.

3. The children (to play) snowballs if it (to snow).

4. We (to settle) this matter with him if we (to have) his telephone number.

5. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he (to take) cold baths regularly.

 

  Задание 6. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

 

Wales

1. Wales is a constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It became part of England in 1536 by the Act of Union. Until then it had been regarded as a separate principality but a dependency of England. The living standards of people in Wales are lower than in England, the unemployment rate is higher. South Wales has rich traditions of struggle for more jobs and better working conditions in mines.

2. Wales is a highland country of old, hard rocks. North Wales is a country of mountains and deep valleys. South Wales is a land of high hills and wide valleys. The pride of Wales in scenery is Snowdonia, a region of high mountains. Snowdon is the highest mountain in England and Wales.

3. Except for coal, mineral resources are limited, and include gold, silver, lead and copper. SouthWales is more developed: coal-mining, steel production, electronics, electrical engineering can be found here.

4. The capital of Wales is Cardiff, the largest city of Wales. Cardiff is situated near the mouth of the Taff River. It is important industrial city and a port. It is also an administrative and educational centre.

5. The second largest city in Wales is Swansea where mainly steel production can be found. Since World War II there has been intensive development in the metal industries especially in the south and southeast.

6. The Welsh people, especially in rural areas, are fond of folk music, singing, poetry and drama. Welsh literature is one of the oldest in Europe. There are many choirs in Wales, the standard of singing is high and the love of good music is widespread. Now there is growing movement of revival of Welsh culture from which sprang the revival of Eisteddfod. Eisteddfod in the form of gathering of bards had occasionally been held in the 15^th, 16^th, and 17^th centuries. Now Eisteddfod is a festival of Welsh culture. It includes competitions in prose, poetry and singing.

7. Wales has its own flag called the Welsh dragon.

 

Вариант № 5

Задание 1. Выберите подходящий вариант и переведите предложения.

 

1. Teddy's words made me (feel) uncomfortable.

A. to feel

В. feeling

С. Feel

2. Mrs. Pottson allowed her guests (smoke) in the living-room.

A. to smoke

В. smoking

С. Smoke

3. Has the secretary come yet? I want to have my papers (type).

A. to type

В. type

С. Typed

4. I watched my cat (play) with her kittens. I couldn't tear myself away from that funny sight.

A. played

В. playing

С. to play

5. Granny didn't want my Mom (marry) my Dad.

A. marry

В. to marry

С. married

6. Our English teacher told us (not / feel) shy and speak English as much as possible.

A. not to feel

В. not feel

С. Felt

7. I have to get my photograph (take) for a new passport.

       A. took

В. take

С. taken

8. There wasn't much traffic in the street. I saw a little girl (cross) the road.

A. crossed

В. cross

С. to cross

9. I have never heard Helen (sing).

A. sang

В. sings

С. singing

10. Mary would like her brother (avoid) Tom's company.

A. to avoid

В. avoid

С. avoided

11. We expected the Harrisons (arrive) later than usual.

A. to arrive

В. arrive

С. arrived

12. What makes you (do) such rash actions?

A. do

В. to do

С. Doing

Задание 2. Замените выделенные части предложения инфинитивными оборотами.

1. There was nothing that he could do except go home.

2. She is so busy that she cannot talk with you.

3. We must wait till we hear the examination results.

4. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache.

 

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. Сказать по правде, эту проблему трудно решить.

2. С нашим начальником трудно иметь дело.

3. По меньшей мере, они меня поняли.

4. Моему брату было трудно угодить.

5. На наш сад приятно смотреть.

 

Задание 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. Excuse my leaving you at such a moment.

2. She burst out crying.

3. She denied having been at home that evening.

4. Please forgive my interfering.

5. He gave up smoking a few years ago.

 

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

1. If he (not to be) such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers.

2. If my sister (not to go) to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together.

3. He (not to phone) you if I (not to remind) him to do it.

4. If you (to let) me know, I (to bring) you this book.

5. If he (to come) to our house, he (to meet) his friend.

Задание 6. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Northern Ireland

1. Northern Ireland is the smallest component of the United Kingdom. It occupies the northeast of the island of Ireland, only one-sixth of its territory. Northern Ireland contains six of the nine counties of the historic province of Ulster and that is why the name ‘Ulster’ is sometimes used as equivalent to Northern Ireland. Its capital city is Belfast.

2. For seven centuries Ireland was a colony of Britain. Due to the colonial policy of Great Britain the Irish nation was forcefully partitioned. As a result of the hard struggle of the Irish people for independence the larger part of Ireland gained the status of a British dominion in 1921. Much later, in 1949 it was officially proclaimed an independent state, the Irish Free State of Eire. The industrial northeast (Northern Ireland with its 6 counties) was retained by Great Britain as its smaller component. But certain forces of both the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland are for the reunification of the country, against social deprivation which is at its worst among Catholics. They believe that British withdrawal from Ireland is the only way to achieve peace.

3. If one asks an Irishman away from home what he misses most about Ireland, he will probably tell you ‘the greenness’. Irish poets put it in a different way when they called Ireland ‘The Emerald Isle’.

4. The rivers of Ireland are short, but deep. The largest river is the Shannon.

5. The population of Northern Ireland is about 1.5 million people. 53 percent of the total population lives in urban areas. The whole economy of Northern Ireland is closely integrated with that of Great Britain. It has its roots in three basic industries – agriculture, textiles and shipbuilding. The largest industry is agriculture conducted for the most part on small family farms. It occupies about 72 percent of the land area.

6. Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland is the leading industrial centre and a large port. Its chief industries are the production of linen and other textiles, clothing, shipbuilding, engineering.

7. In Ireland the national musical instrument is the harp.

 

Вариант № 6

Задание 1. Выберите подходящий вариант и переведите предложения.

1. Plants die if you (not / water) them.

A. won't water

В. don't water

С. wouldn't water

2. If I had one million dollars, I (probably / buy) a yacht.

A. would probably buy

В. will probably buy

С. probably bought

3. - How did it happen that you missed you stop?

- I (not / miss) it if the conductor (announce) the stops.

A. wouldn't miss              D. had announced

В. hadn't missed              E. would have announced

С. wouldn't have missed    F. announced

4. What a pity my husband is away! If he (be) here he (help) us.

A. were                           D. will help

В. would be here             E. would help

С. is                               F. helps

5. If I (get up) early tomorrow morning, I (go) jogging.

A. will get up                  D. go

В. get up                         E. am going to go

С. got up                         F. will go

6. You look tired. If I (be) you, I (take) a holiday.

A. be                              D. will take

В. were                           E. would take

С. have been                       F. take

7. I (do) the same if I (be) in your shoes.

A. would do             D. am

В. will do                E. were

С. would have done   F. will be

8. If I (see) her, I (speak) to her. But I didn't see her and speak to her.

A. saw                     D. would have spoken

В. had seen              E. spoke

С. would have seen    F. would speak

9. Hurry up! We (not / get) good seats if we (arrive) late.

A. don't get              D. arrived

В. won't get             E. will arrive

С. didn't get             F. arrive

10. If I (know) that you were coming, I (meet) you at the airport. I had a lot of time to do that.

A. had known           D. would meet

В. knew                   E. would have met

С. would have known F. will meet

11. If Columbus (not / have) such a passion for traveling, he (discover) America in 1492.

A. hadn't                  D. hadn't discover

В. wouldn't have had E. didn't discover

С. hadn't had           F. wouldn't have discovered

12. Robby, look at that man! If he (work) harder at school, he (not / sweep) the streets now.

    A. worked                D. wouldn't be sweeping

В. would have worked E. wouldn't have swept

С. had worked          F. won't be sweeping

Задание 2. Замените выделенные части предложения инфинитивными оборотами.

1. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you.

2. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the mistake.

3. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in.

4. Here are some screws with which you can fasten the shelves to the wall.

 

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя устойчивые

словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. Ваша работа оставляет желать лучшего.

2. Сказать вам по правде, он не пришел на экзамен.

3. По меньшей мере, мы не опоздали на поезд.

4. Все благодарят тебя, не говоря уже обо мне.

5. Мягко выражаясь, окна были грязные.

 

Задание 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. Watching football matches may be exciting enough.

2. Can you remember having seen the man before?

3. I avoided speaking to them about that matter.

4. She burst out laughing.

5. He enjoyed talking of the pleasures of travelling.

 

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

1. If she (not to be) so absentminded, she (to be) a much better student.

2. If I (to get) this book, I (to be) happy.

3. I (to phone) her immediately if I (to know) the results.

4. We (to drink) tea if you (not to buy) coffee.

5. My brother (not to miss) so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg.

 

Задание 6. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.