Билет№7 1. Write on the topic: Apple-Samsung patent wars: Is damaged reputation bad for sale?

Philips company

Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Philips, stylized as PHILIPS) is a Dutch technology company headquartered in Amsterdam with primary divisions focused in the areas of electronics, healthcare and lighting. It was founded in Eindhoven in 1891, by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik. It is one of the largest electronics companies in the world and employs around 105,000 people across more than 60 countries. The Philips Company was founded in 1891, by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik. Frederik, a Jewish banker based in Zaltbommel, financed the purchase and setup of an empty factory building in Eindhoven, where the company started the production of carbon-filament lamps and other electro-technical products in 1892. This first factory has been adapted and is used as a museum. In 1895, after a difficult first few years and near bankruptcy, the Philipses brought in Anton, Gerard's younger brother by sixteen years. Though he had earned a degree in engineering, Anton started work as a sales representative; soon, however, he began to contribute many important business ideas. With Anton's arrival, the family business began to expand rapidly, resulting in the founding of Philips Metaalgloeilampfabriek N.V. (Philips Metal Filament Lamp Factory Ltd.) in Eindhoven in 1908, followed in 1912, by the foundation of Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken N.V. (Philips Lightbulb Factories Ltd.). After Gerard and Anton Philips changed their family business by founding the Philips corporation, they laid the foundations for the later electronics multinational. In the 1920s, the company started to manufacture other products, such as vacuum tubes. In 1939, they introduced their electric razor, the Philishave (marketed in the US using the Norelco brand name). The "Chapel" is a radio with built-in loudspeaker, which was designed during the early 1930s.

Билет2)1.Company profile

To create business or company profiles, one needs to carefully develop a strategy and map out the characteristics to be highlighted and how to assimilate the unique offerings of the business in a concise yet attractive manner. A great profile is crucial for any business but it should not be the only promotional tool; one needs to create the right marketing mix to reach out to customers and get them interested in your brand. You can take this amazing course to learn more about creating a powerful brand for yourself and your business. You high level strategy should identify the best markets for promotion, outreach and building sales to sustain the success of your business (you may want to check out this course that talks about creating the right business strategy). In our discussion here, we’ll walk you through various aspects of how to write a powerful and informative company profile for businesses across industry verticals.

Colgate –Palmolive company

The Colgate-Palmolive Company is an American worldwide consumer products company focused on the production, distribution and provision of household, health care and personal care products. Under its "Hill's Pet Nutrition" brand, it is also a manufacturer of veterinary products. The company's corporate offices are on Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. In 1806 devout Baptist English immigrant soap and candle maker William Colgate established a starch, soap, and candle factory on Dutch Street in New York City under the name "William Colgate & Company". In 1833 he suffered a severe heart attack, stopping his business' sales; after a convalescence he continued with his business. In the 1840s the firm began selling individual cakes of soap in uniform weights. In 1857 Colgate died and the company was reorganized as "Colgate & Company" under the management of his devout Baptist son Samuel Colgate, who did not want to continue the business but thought it would be the right thing to do. In 1872 he introduced Cashmere Bouquet, a perfumed soap. In 1873 the firm introduced its first Colgate Toothpaste, an aromatic toothpaste sold in jars.[4] In 1896, the company sold the first toothpaste in a tube, Colgate Ribbon Dental Cream (invented by dentist Washington Sheffield). Also in 1896, Colgate hired Martin Ittner and under his direction founded one of the first applied research labs.[5] By 1908 they initiated mass sales of toothpaste in tubes. William's other son, James Boorman Colgate, was a primary trustee of Colgate University (formerly Madison Univers.

Билет3)1.e-mail massage

Electronic Mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices. Email first entered substantial use in the 1960s and by the mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email. Email operates across computer networks, which today is primarily the Internet. Some early email systems required the author and the recipient to both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only briefly, typically to a mail server or a webmail interface, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. Originally an ASCII text-only communications medium, Internet email was extended by Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) to carry text in other character sets and multimedia content attachments. International email, with internationalized email addresses using UTF-8, has been standardized, but as of 2017 it has not been widely adopted.

Guinness company

Guinness (/ˈɡɪnɪs/) is an Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness (1725–1803) at St. James's Gate brewery in the capital city of Dublin, Ireland. Guinness, produced by the Diageo beverages company, is one of the most successful beer brands worldwide. It is brewed in almost 50 countries and is available in over 120. Annual sales total of Guinness in 2011 was 850 million liters (220,000,000 US gal).Guinness features a burnt flavor that is derived from malted barley and roasted unmated barley. The use of roasted barley is a relatively modern development, not becoming part of the grist until the mid-20th century. For many years, a portion of aged brew was blended with freshly brewed beer to give a sharp lactic acid flavor. Although Guinness's palate still features a characteristic "tang", the company has refused to confirm whether this type of blending still occurs. The draught beer's thick, creamy head comes from mixing the beer with nitrogen and carbon dioxide when poured. It is popular with the Irish, both in Ireland and abroad. In spite of declining consumption since 2001, it is still the best-selling alcoholic drink in Ireland where Guinness & Co. Brewery makes almost?2 billion worth of the beverage annually.

Билет№4A MEMO

1.Memo writing is something of an art form. A letter is not a memo, nor is a memo a letter. A memo is a short, to the point communication conveying your thoughts, reactions or opinion on something. A memo can call people to action or broadcast a bit of timely news. With memo writing, shorter is better.As with all writing, memo writing needs a structure. Because they are short, rambling meanderings will soon destroy the memo’s effectiveness and become a waste of productive time to those that read it and to the person who wrote it.If you have something longer than a page, it’s better to send it as an attachment or a document that follows the memo used as a cover letter. Never make a memo too long. If someone takes a glance at a memo that appears to be too long, there’s a good chance it will be set aside for a time when they aren’t busy. This can defeat your memo’s purpose which is timely communication.

Richard Branson’s company

Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (born 18 July 1950) is an English business magnate, investor and philanthropist. He founded the Virgin Group, which controls more than 400 companies. Branson expressed his desire to become an entrepreneur at a young age. His first business venture, at the age of 16, was a magazine called Student. In 1970, he set up a mail-order record business. He opened a chain of record stores, Virgin Records—later known as Virgin Megastores—in 1972. Branson's Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s, as he set up Virgin Atlantic airline and expanded the Virgin Records music label.In March 2000, Branson was knighted at Buckingham Palace for "services to entrepreneurship". For his work in retail, music and transport (with interests in land, air, sea and space travel), his taste for adventure, and for his humanitarian work, he became a prominent figure. In 2002, he was named in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. In 2004, he founded spaceflight corporation Virgin Galactic, noted for the SpaceShipOne project.In November 2017, Forbes listed Branson's estimated net worth at $5.1 billion

Company management problems

The functions of personnel management are dispersed between various divisions, one way or another involved in personnel issues. Lack of the necessary coordination does not allow to effectively manage personnel. Because of this, as a rule, HR-services are not yet able to assume the role providing the whole complex of personnel management measures that guarantee the quality of staff selection and placement at all levels. Their practical impact on the efficiency of the enterprise is minimal, and prestige among other services is still not high.

It should also be noted the change of traditional values, which leads to serious disorders of personal beliefs. Stress, pressure and uncertainty are increasingly present in most life forms of organizations. This significantly complicated the system of motivation and incentives for employees, primarily in connection with employment for short-term contracts, the promotion of various preconditions (including the probation period), a rigid linkage of material incentives with the profit received and other factors.

There is no uniform system of work with personnel at the enterprises, first of all the system of scientifically grounded study of abilities and inclinations, professional and official promotion of workers. These and some other problems pose to managers the question of improving the system of personnel management.

Билет 18/1.Pay and benefits

There are two types of jobs: full-time and part-time work. A full-time job is usually 35-40 hours a week. A part-time job is 15-28 hours a week.

The difference between them is more than just a matter of how long one works. The difference is in the pay and benefits. Many persons with a full-time job will have a higher salary and be provided with benefits. Benefits such as medical insurance, paid vacations, and maybe even an opportunity to have a retirement savings plan.

Part-time workers do not receive any benefits other than a few days off a year. Many youth in our country begin working from an early age. The law requires young people to be a certain age, before they may begin work.

However, most may work at the age of fourteen, with a worker's permit or permission from his parents or guardian. Students usually have part-time jobs in fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, Burger King, etc. Many young men and women work in pizza places and ice cream shops as waiters. Some students work at sports events as coaches, referees, umpires, or scorekeepers.

Most employers expect their applicants to have previous experience. In order to obtain a job, one must fill out ah application. An application requires necessary information for taxes. The employer usually requests recommendations. It is now also standard practice for many employers to ask employees to take drug tests before they can get a job.

After an application has been reviewed, the employer may call the prospective employee in for an interview. The employer will ask questions about what to do in an emergency, what to do with angry customers, and other relative scenarios.

Innovation vs Invention

Innovation and invention are words that are used often in conversation and written English. These words have similar meanings and even used interchangeably by some people. However, it has to be understood that innovation is not creation of a new product or process while an invention is clearly a creation of a new product or process that has not been there earlier. There are some more differences between the two concepts that will be highlighted in this article.

Invention

The invention of the wheel is supposedly the biggest of all inventions. The first time it was created was the time it can be said to have been invented. All later uses where it has been modified and presented in a new design is mere innovation and not invention. The first time an idea strikes a person and he let others know about his thought is when something new has been created, and it can be said to be an invention.

Innovation

Changes that add value, usefulness, and functionality to a product or service are termed as innovations. So, improving upon an existing product, to make it more useful and acceptable, is innovation. Innovation does not necessarily mean something new or novel.

What is the difference between Innovation and Invention?

• Invention is when a new idea strikes a scientist, and he files for a patent.

• Innovation is when a need is felt for a product, and an existing product is redesigned or improved upon, to develop a new one.

• Novelty is the basic premise of an invention while it is not the central idea behind innovation.

• Inventions are new without any precedent while innovations are changes that add value to an existing product or service.

 

Билет19/1.Write on the topic: Skills and qualifications.

Qualifications - The present disambiguation page holds the title of a primary topic, and an article needs to be written about it. It is believed to qualify as a broad-concept article. It may be written directly at this page or drafted elsewhere and then moved over here. Related titles should be described in Qualification, while unrelated titles should be moved to Qualification (disambiguation). And an official record showing that you have finished a trainingcourse or have the necessary skills, etc.

For example: You'll never get a good job if you don't have any qualifications.

Do you have any teaching/legal/medical/secretarial /academic qualifications?

Skill - is the ability to carry out a task with pre-determined results often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. Skills can often be divided into domain-general and domain-specific skills. For example, in the domain of work, some general skills would include time management, teamwork and leadership, self-motivation and others, whereas domain-specific skills would be useful only for a certain job. Skill usually requires certain environmental stimuli and situations to assess the level of skill being shown and used. People need a broad range of skills to contribute to a modern economy. A joint ASTD and U.S. Department of Labor study showed that through technology, the workplace is changing, and identified 16 basic skills that employees must have to be able to change with it.

 

Old and new ways of working

The 21st century has changed many things about modern society, from the way people shop to the numerous ways that they consume information and breaking news. Another major charge to come about in recent years has been a major shifts in workplace management and operations. Businesses every where are looking for ways to improve employee satisfaction and retention, adding flexibility to offices that were once ruled by an iron fist and allowed no such thing. The new ways of working initiative is are of the hot test ways to boost flexibility and retention, largely by removing many of the barriers and management styles of the past.

New ways of working require new habits. For many organizations, the move to new office spaces, the introduction of homework or a new business strategy puts a strain on current working habits. But old habits die hard! People will have to close the ‘knowing-doing’ gap by installing new habits that will help meet the challenges and opportunities of new ways of working

Selection procedures

Selection process or selection procedure involves a series of steps to be followed for choosing the suitable person for the vacant job. This process stars after recruitment and divides the candidates in two parts those will not be. There is a need of well-organized selected and unsuitable candidates are rejected. The selection process varies from organization to organization and even from department to department within the same organization. Like in some organizations medical examination is done before final selection. However every organization design the selection process as per its need. The main selection process steps are:

1.preliminalry interview

2.receiving applications

3.screening of applications

4.employment test

5.employment interview

6.checking references

7.physical examination

8.final selection

The career ladder

Career ladder is a metaphor for job promotion. In business and human resources management, the career ladder typically describes the progression from entry level positions to higher levels of pay, skill, responsibility or authority.

After school you have different possibilities. You can to a university of college or you can start your career ladder. If you want to get a job, you should write an official request for a job in some firm; that means, you should apply for a job.

At first you have a low salary, you will not earn much money, because you are a very junior person in the company – trainee. To become better, you can attend special training courses or the company can give you your in-house training – help and advice how to become better.

If you want to have good prospects, you should work hard; your manager will notice you. If your manager is pleased with your progress, you will soon get a good pay rise. So, you have many future possibilities in the job, you can get a higher position with more money. After a couple of years you may be promoted and after some years more you become the boss of a department. That means that you are in charge of the department and have some employees under you.

After some time you are working in that company you suddenly decide that you want to have more new exciting impressions. So, you want a fresh challenge and career change. You resign, you are leaving you job and start looking for another job. If you want to work abroad, you should find some company which involves a lot of foreign travel.

If you don’t do well in the job, the company my dismiss you, that means, they tell you to leave. So, you become unemployed, you are out of work.

After a several months you may find some part-time job at some company. Such jobs are usually given at restaurants of cafes. If you work hard and enjoy the enterprise, after some time you can take over the restaurant and become a chief of it. Further, you can develop you business and make a net of the restaurants. And then, when you have reached an advanced age, you may retire a rich person.

Here are 3 tips for climbing the career ladder:

1)Start your day early and finish it later than other employees

2)Work efficiently and always do more than you expect

3) Ask your leader to become your mentor or find a mentor in your industry.

 

Philips company

Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Philips, stylized as PHILIPS) is a Dutch technology company headquartered in Amsterdam with primary divisions focused in the areas of electronics, healthcare and lighting. It was founded in Eindhoven in 1891, by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik. It is one of the largest electronics companies in the world and employs around 105,000 people across more than 60 countries. The Philips Company was founded in 1891, by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik. Frederik, a Jewish banker based in Zaltbommel, financed the purchase and setup of an empty factory building in Eindhoven, where the company started the production of carbon-filament lamps and other electro-technical products in 1892. This first factory has been adapted and is used as a museum. In 1895, after a difficult first few years and near bankruptcy, the Philipses brought in Anton, Gerard's younger brother by sixteen years. Though he had earned a degree in engineering, Anton started work as a sales representative; soon, however, he began to contribute many important business ideas. With Anton's arrival, the family business began to expand rapidly, resulting in the founding of Philips Metaalgloeilampfabriek N.V. (Philips Metal Filament Lamp Factory Ltd.) in Eindhoven in 1908, followed in 1912, by the foundation of Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken N.V. (Philips Lightbulb Factories Ltd.). After Gerard and Anton Philips changed their family business by founding the Philips corporation, they laid the foundations for the later electronics multinational. In the 1920s, the company started to manufacture other products, such as vacuum tubes. In 1939, they introduced their electric razor, the Philishave (marketed in the US using the Norelco brand name). The "Chapel" is a radio with built-in loudspeaker, which was designed during the early 1930s.

Билет2)1.Company profile

To create business or company profiles, one needs to carefully develop a strategy and map out the characteristics to be highlighted and how to assimilate the unique offerings of the business in a concise yet attractive manner. A great profile is crucial for any business but it should not be the only promotional tool; one needs to create the right marketing mix to reach out to customers and get them interested in your brand. You can take this amazing course to learn more about creating a powerful brand for yourself and your business. You high level strategy should identify the best markets for promotion, outreach and building sales to sustain the success of your business (you may want to check out this course that talks about creating the right business strategy). In our discussion here, we’ll walk you through various aspects of how to write a powerful and informative company profile for businesses across industry verticals.

Colgate –Palmolive company

The Colgate-Palmolive Company is an American worldwide consumer products company focused on the production, distribution and provision of household, health care and personal care products. Under its "Hill's Pet Nutrition" brand, it is also a manufacturer of veterinary products. The company's corporate offices are on Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. In 1806 devout Baptist English immigrant soap and candle maker William Colgate established a starch, soap, and candle factory on Dutch Street in New York City under the name "William Colgate & Company". In 1833 he suffered a severe heart attack, stopping his business' sales; after a convalescence he continued with his business. In the 1840s the firm began selling individual cakes of soap in uniform weights. In 1857 Colgate died and the company was reorganized as "Colgate & Company" under the management of his devout Baptist son Samuel Colgate, who did not want to continue the business but thought it would be the right thing to do. In 1872 he introduced Cashmere Bouquet, a perfumed soap. In 1873 the firm introduced its first Colgate Toothpaste, an aromatic toothpaste sold in jars.[4] In 1896, the company sold the first toothpaste in a tube, Colgate Ribbon Dental Cream (invented by dentist Washington Sheffield). Also in 1896, Colgate hired Martin Ittner and under his direction founded one of the first applied research labs.[5] By 1908 they initiated mass sales of toothpaste in tubes. William's other son, James Boorman Colgate, was a primary trustee of Colgate University (formerly Madison Univers.

Билет3)1.e-mail massage

Electronic Mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices. Email first entered substantial use in the 1960s and by the mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email. Email operates across computer networks, which today is primarily the Internet. Some early email systems required the author and the recipient to both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only briefly, typically to a mail server or a webmail interface, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. Originally an ASCII text-only communications medium, Internet email was extended by Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) to carry text in other character sets and multimedia content attachments. International email, with internationalized email addresses using UTF-8, has been standardized, but as of 2017 it has not been widely adopted.

Guinness company

Guinness (/ˈɡɪnɪs/) is an Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness (1725–1803) at St. James's Gate brewery in the capital city of Dublin, Ireland. Guinness, produced by the Diageo beverages company, is one of the most successful beer brands worldwide. It is brewed in almost 50 countries and is available in over 120. Annual sales total of Guinness in 2011 was 850 million liters (220,000,000 US gal).Guinness features a burnt flavor that is derived from malted barley and roasted unmated barley. The use of roasted barley is a relatively modern development, not becoming part of the grist until the mid-20th century. For many years, a portion of aged brew was blended with freshly brewed beer to give a sharp lactic acid flavor. Although Guinness's palate still features a characteristic "tang", the company has refused to confirm whether this type of blending still occurs. The draught beer's thick, creamy head comes from mixing the beer with nitrogen and carbon dioxide when poured. It is popular with the Irish, both in Ireland and abroad. In spite of declining consumption since 2001, it is still the best-selling alcoholic drink in Ireland where Guinness & Co. Brewery makes almost?2 billion worth of the beverage annually.

Билет№4A MEMO

1.Memo writing is something of an art form. A letter is not a memo, nor is a memo a letter. A memo is a short, to the point communication conveying your thoughts, reactions or opinion on something. A memo can call people to action or broadcast a bit of timely news. With memo writing, shorter is better.As with all writing, memo writing needs a structure. Because they are short, rambling meanderings will soon destroy the memo’s effectiveness and become a waste of productive time to those that read it and to the person who wrote it.If you have something longer than a page, it’s better to send it as an attachment or a document that follows the memo used as a cover letter. Never make a memo too long. If someone takes a glance at a memo that appears to be too long, there’s a good chance it will be set aside for a time when they aren’t busy. This can defeat your memo’s purpose which is timely communication.

Richard Branson’s company

Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (born 18 July 1950) is an English business magnate, investor and philanthropist. He founded the Virgin Group, which controls more than 400 companies. Branson expressed his desire to become an entrepreneur at a young age. His first business venture, at the age of 16, was a magazine called Student. In 1970, he set up a mail-order record business. He opened a chain of record stores, Virgin Records—later known as Virgin Megastores—in 1972. Branson's Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s, as he set up Virgin Atlantic airline and expanded the Virgin Records music label.In March 2000, Branson was knighted at Buckingham Palace for "services to entrepreneurship". For his work in retail, music and transport (with interests in land, air, sea and space travel), his taste for adventure, and for his humanitarian work, he became a prominent figure. In 2002, he was named in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. In 2004, he founded spaceflight corporation Virgin Galactic, noted for the SpaceShipOne project.In November 2017, Forbes listed Branson's estimated net worth at $5.1 billion

Билет№7 1. Write on the topic: Apple-Samsung patent wars: Is damaged reputation bad for sale?

 

In a series of lawsuits spanning 10 countries over three plus years, technology giants Apple Inc. and Samsung Group have been fighting a high stakes international patent war. The heart of this and other patent wars revolves primarily around the infringement of technology patents used in both smart phones and tablet devices.

Over the course of the heavyweight bout between Apple and Samsung, both companies have had their share of victories and defeats. Last month, for example, Samsung was found to have infringed on an Apple patent “bounce screen” technology, while Apple was found to have infringed on a Samsung patent for the auto-synching of music and files to tablet and smart phone devices.

As a result, more lawsuits certainly are on the horizon. The outcome of these cases, and how Apple and Samsung respond to them, will affect the international market for smart phones and tablets for years to come.