Инструкция для выполнения контрольных работ

 

В главе № 2 “Контрольные работы” предлагаются три контрольные работы, каждая из которых дана в пяти вариантах.

Контрольные работы выполняются последовательно, по порядку. За период обучения каждый студент должен выполнить все три контрольные работы.

Cначала студенту необходимо определить вариант, который будет одинаковым для всех трёх контрольных работ. Вариант определяется в соответствии с последними цифрами шифра студенческого билета следующим образом:

Ø вариант № 1, если последняя цифра студенческого билета 1 или 2;

Ø вариант № 2, если последняя цифра студенческого билета 3 или 4;

Ø вариант № 3, если последняя цифра студенческого билета 5 или 6;

Ø вариант № 4, если последняя цифра студенческого билета 7 или 8;

Ø вариант № 5, если последняя цифра студенческого билета 9 или 0.

Контрольные работы следует выполнять от руки или в печатном варианте. Титульный лист оформляется согласно установленному образцу.

При выполнении контрольной работы необходимо оставлять широкие поля для замечаний или объяснений рецензента.

Материал контрольной работы следует располагать по следующему образцу:

ЛЕВАЯ СТРАНИЦА (сторона) ПРАВАЯ СТРАНИЦА (сторона)

ПОЛЯ: АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ТЕКСТ РУССКИЙ ТЕКСТ: ПОЛЯ

 

Выполненные контрольные работы следует отправлять для проверки и рецензирования в строго установленные сроки.

Контрольная работа № 1

Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы № 1 необходимо изучить следующие разделы курса английского языка (грамматический комментарий, часть 1):

 

1. Имя существительное. Единственное и множественное число. Существительные в функции определения.

2. Артикль как показатель имени существительного. Особенности употребление определённого и неопределённого артикля.

3. Притяжательный падеж существительных, образование, употребление.

4. Имя прилагательное. Общая характеристика, употребление, перевод на русский язык.

5. Степени сравнения имён прилагательных и наречий Общие правила образования, исключения, перевод на русский язык.

6. Числительные. Общая характеристика, виды, употребление.

7. Местоимения, их виды, особенности, перевод на русский язык.

8. Словообразование, его типы, правила.

9. Грамматическая конструкция (оборот) “there is (are)”, значение, употребление, перевод на русский язык.

10. Типы вопросов, правила образования.

11. Система времён действительного залога. Общая характеристика, значение, образование, употребление.

Вариант № 1

Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Washington

 

Washington, the capital of the United States of America, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district was named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America; it does not belong to any separate state but to all the states. The District of Columbia is outside the jurisdiction of any state and subject only to the control of the Federal Congress.

Washington is named after the first president George Washington and was founded in 1790. It was George Washington, who chose the place for the District and laid in 1790 the corner-stone of the Capitol, where Congress sits now.

Washington is the seat of the Federal Government of the United States. It has been the capital of the USA since 1800. Washington is the residence of the President and the Congress of the USA. The White House is the President’s residence the Capitol – the seat of the American Congress. All American presidents exceptGeorge Wa-shington (the White House was not yet built in his time) have lived in the White House. It was built in 1799. The Capitol is the largest and the tallest among the buildings. There are no skyscrapers because no other building must be taller than the Capitol.

Washington is not the largest city in the USA. The capital’s population is about 900 thousand people. Washington is a one-industry city. That industry is government. It does not produce anything except very much scrap paper. Every day 25 railway cars leave Washington loaded with scrap paper.

Washington is a large scientific and cultural centre, where there are many research institutes, five universities, the National Academy of Science and the Library of Congress. There is one more well-known building in Washington – Pentagon, the residence of the US Military department.

Washington has many historical places. The largest and tallest building is the Capitol. The oldest building in Washington is the White House, the official residence of the President. There is hardly a park, a square or an open area in the capital without a monument or a memorial. The most impressive and best-known of them are the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.

The Lincoln Memorial is devoted to the memory of the 16^th President of the USA, the author of the Emancipation Proclamation, which gave freedom to Negro slaves in America. The Washington Monument is the highest structure of the city. It looks like a very big pencil which rises 160 metres and is hollow inside. A special lift brings visitors to the top in 70 seconds from where everyone can enjoy a wonderful view of the whole city.

The Jefferson Memorial was built in memory of the third President of the USA, Thomas Jefferson, who was also the author of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is surrounded by cherry-trees.

Washington has nothing characteristically American in it, as its conception is purely French. It has long wide avenues, gardens, beautiful parks and no skyscrapers at all. Washington has a nickname – the American Paris. Many people are sure that Washington is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

Vocabulary

the Potomac River the District of Columbia outside the jurisdiction subject only to the control of the Federal Congress the corner-stone the White House the National Academy of Science the Library of Congress Pentagon the US Military department the Lincoln Memorial the Washington Monument the Emancipation Proclamation the Declaration of Independence

река Потомак округ Колумбия вне юрисдикции подлежит контролю только со стороны Федерального Конгресса краеугольный камень Белый Дом Национальная Академия наук Библиотека Конгресса Пентагон американское военное ведомство Мемориал Линкольна Мемориал Вашингтона манифест Линкольна об освобождении рабов (1863) Декларация независимости

Задание № 2. Дайте ответы на вопросы по тексту “Washington” (задание № 1).

1. Where is Washington, situated?

2. Washington is named after the first president George Wa-shington, isn’t it?

3. Is Washington the seat of the Federal Government of the United States?

4. Is the population of Washington 900 or 700 thousand people?

5. What is the nickname of Washington?

 

Задание № 3. Задайте 5 вопросов к предложению (общий, альтернативный, разделительный и 2 специальных).

Washington is a one-industry city.

 

Задание № 4. Данные предложения из текста (задание № 1) содержат слова с окончаниями -s, -es, ’s. В каждом предложении определите, какую функцию выполняет окончание (-s, -es, ’s), обращая внимание на его грамматические признаки, т.е. является ли оно:

a) показателем третьего лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite Active;

b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. The capital’s population is about 900 thousand people.

2. Washington is a large scientific and cultural centre, where there are many research institutes, five universities, the National Academy of Science and the Library of Congress.

3. A special lift brings visitors to the top in 70 seconds.

4. It has long wide avenues, gardens, beautiful parks and no skyscrapers at all.

Задание № 5. Прочтите и письменно переведите предложения с грамматической конструкцией (оборотом) “there is /there are”.

1. There is a table in the room.

2. There were some students in that laboratory yesterday.

3. There will be much snow in the streets next winter.

Задание № 6. Следуя правилам словообразования, образуйте 5 слов, используя суффиксы -ful, -able, -ical, -ship, -tion. Переведите.

Profit, translate, power, friend, economy.

Задание № 7. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий – сравнительную и превосходную. Переведите.

Little, hard, many, beautiful, far.

Задание № 8. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He will return to Moscow in a few days.

2. A car alarm is ringing somewhere down the street.

3. When they were going from St.-Petersburg to Helsinki their bus broke down.

4. We have already seen many interesting sights in this country.

5. During our trip to the USA the travelers crossed the Atlantic Ocean.

6. As they say, people get the government they deserve.

Вариант № 2

Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

London

 

London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is an old city; its history counts more than two thousand years. London was founded by the Romans who called it “Londinium”.

London is a political, economic and cultural centre. It is a leading global city, the world’s largest financial centre and a huge port. The population of London is more than eight million people. London has a diverse range of peoples, cultures and religions, and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries.

Traditionally, London can be divided into four parts: the City of London, Westminster, the West End and the East End. The City of London is the financial centre of the country. The heart of the City is the Stock Exchange. It is the oldest part of the city with narrow streets and pavements. There are many offices, companies and banks in this part of London. Only a few thousands of people live there, but in the day-time about half a million people come to work there.

Westminster is the most important part of the capital. It’s an administrative centre. Most of Government buildings are situated there. The Houses of Parliament is the seat of the British Government. It is a very beautiful building with two towers and a very big clock which is known to the whole world as Big Ben. Big Ben is the bell which strikes every quarter of an hour. The clock Big Ben came into service in 1859. It is the biggest clock bell in Britain.

To the west of Westminster is the West End. It is the centre of London. It is full of the richest hotels, the largest supermarkets, the best cinemas, theatres, concert halls, museums, art galleries, and a lot of beautiful parks, gardens and squares. Only well-to-do people can live there. Piccadilly Circus is the heart of London’s West End. It is a street where there are always lots of tourists.

English people are proud of Trafalgar Square with the Nelson’s column in the middle, of Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s residence, of the British Museum with its richest collection of books in the world, of the Tower of London and the Tower Bridge, of the Tate Gallery, one of the well-known galleries in London, of the Covent Garden Opera House, etc.

To the east of Westminster is the East End, an industrial district of the capital. The East End of London is the industrial area and the place where the working people live. There are many factories, workshops and docks there. The East End is very large and crowded.

Transport plays a great role in Londoners’ lives. There are many cars, trams and buses in London. The red double-decker bus is a traditional symbol of London. The London Underground is the oldest and the largest metro system in the world, known as The Tube, because of the shape of the tunnels serving 270 stations.

London’s influence in all spheres of life contributesto its global position. It is the most visited city in the world.

Vocabulary

“Londinium” the City of London Westminster the West End the East End the Stock Exchange the Houses of Parliament Big Ben Piccadilly Circus Trafalgar Square the Nelson’s column Buckingham Palace the Queen’s residence the British Museum the Tower of London the Tower Bridge the Tate Gallery Covent Garden Opera House the red double-decker bus the London Underground (the Tube)

“Лондиниум” Лондонский Сити Вестминстер Уэст-Энд Ист-Энд Фондовая биржа Здание Парламента Биг-Бэн (башня с часами) Площадь Пиккадилли Трафальгарская Площадь Колонна Нельсона Букингемский Дворец резиденция Королевы Британский Музей Лондонский Тауэр Тауэрский мост Галерея Тейт Оперный театр Ковент Гарден красный двухэтажный автобус Лондонский метрополитен (метро)

Задание № 2. Дайте ответы на вопросы по тексту “London” (задание № 1).

1. Was London founded by the Romans or by the Greeks?

2. What is the population of London?

3. How many parts is London divided into?

4. Does transport play a great role in Londoners’ lives?

5. London is the most visited city in the world, isn’t it?

Задание № 3. Задайте 5 вопросов к предложению (общий, альтернативный, разделительный и 2 специальных).

The population of London is more than eight million people.

 

Задание № 4. Данные предложения из текста (задание № 1) содержат слова с окончаниями -s, -es, ’s. В каждом предложении определите, какую функцию выполняет окончание (-s, -es, ’s), обращая внимание на его грамматические признаки, т.е. является ли оно:

a) показателем третьего лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite Active;

b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. It is a leading global city, the world’s largest financial centre and a huge port.

2. English people are proud of Trafalgar Square with the Nelson’s column in the middle, of Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s residence, of the British Museum with its richest collection of books in the world.

3. Transport plays a great role in Londoners’ lives.

4. There are many factories, workshops and docks there.

Задание № 5. Прочтите и письменно переведите предложения с грамматической конструкцией (оборотом) «there is /there are».

1. There is a blackboard in the classroom.

2. There were many children in the yard last Sunday.

3. There will be a good film at the cinema tomorrow.

Задание № 6. Следуя правилам словообразования, образуйте 5 слов, используя суффиксы -able, -ible, -ent, -ical, -ing. Переведите.

Difference, response, practice, begin, profit.

Задание № 7. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий – сравнительную и превосходную. Переведите.

Bad, difficult, many, big, good.

Задание № 8. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Law is absolutely necessary in any society.

2. We saw many interesting places in Moscow.

3. All the people had already spoken much about that disco-very.

4. The Mayor will open a new stadium tomorrow.

5. At the end of June he was preparing for his examination in History.

6. They have already been building this library since 2007.

Вариант № 3

Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

CANADA

Canada is the second largest country in the world. It covers the northern part of North America. The total area of Canada equals to almost 10 million square kilometres. Canada’s only neighbour is the USA. The border between the two countries is the longest unguarded border in the world. The country is bounded by three oceans – the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. Its vast area includes some of the world’s largest lakes and countless smaller ones. One-third of all fresh water on Earth is in Canada.

The climate in Canada isn’t mild. It has four very distinct seasons, it can be very hot in summer – to 35°C above zero and higher, and quite cold in winter – 25°C below zero and even colder. The population of Canada isn’t dense. There are only about 30 million people living in Canada which is very little if we compare the territory of Canada with the UK where 60 million people live.

Canada is a constitutional monarchy. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and the British monarch is its official head of the state. But the monarch doesn’t rule, the monarch in Ca-nada is the Governor General. The Governor’s duties are limited to symbolic, mostly ceremonial acts.

The real power belongs to the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The Canadian Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Commons and the Senate.

There are two official languages in the country: English and French. All Canadian children have to learn both French and English at school.

The capital of Canada is Ottawa. The capital is governed by a 24-member city council consisting of 23 councilors. The capital has responsibility for all municipal services, including fire, ambulance, police, parks, roads, drinking water, etc.

Ottawa is situated on the south bank of the Ottawa River. The oldest part of the city is known as Lower Town, and occupies an area between the canal and the rivers. Centre town isoften called “downtown”; it is the city’s financial and commercial part.

Parliament Hill situated between Centre town and the Ottawa River is home to many of the capital’s government buildings, including the Peace Tower, and the legislative seat of Canada.

Ottawa is politically diverse. Most of the city traditionally supports the Liberal Party. The southern and western parts of the old city of Ottawa generally support the Conservative Party. Ottawa is home to a wealth of national museums, official residences, government buildings, memorials and heritage structures. The capital is served by a number of airlines, railways and by a network of freeways.

Vocabulary

neighbour above (below) zero a constitutional monarchy the Commonwealth of Nations the Governor General the House of Commons the Senate Ottawa a 24-member city council councilors municipal services fire ambulance drinking water Lower Town Centre town “downtown” Parliament Hill the Peace Tower politically diverse the Liberal Party the Conservative Party

сосед выше (ниже) нуля конституционная монархия Содружество наций Генерал-губернатор Палата Общин Сенат Оттава муниципальный совет из 24 человек советники муниципальные услуги пожарная охрана медицинское обслуживание питьевая вода нижняя часть города центральная часть города “даунтаун”(деловая часть города) Парламентский холм Башня Мира политически разнообразный Либеральная партия Консервативная партия

Задание № 2. Дайте ответы на вопросы по тексту “CANADA” (задание № 1).

1. Is Canada the first or second largest country in the world?

2. Canada is a constitutional monarchy, isn’t it?

3. Does the real power belong to the Prime Minister or to the Queen?

4. What two official languages are there in the country?

5. Is Ottawa politically diverse?

Задание № 3. Задайте 5 вопросов к предложению (общий, альтернативный, разделительный и 2 специальных).

Canada is the second largest country in the world.

Задание № 4. Данные предложения из текста (задание № 1) содержат слова с окончаниями -s, -es, ’s. В каждом предложении определите, какую функцию выполняет окончание (-s, -es, ’s), обращая внимание на его грамматические признаки, т.е. является ли оно:

a) показателем третьего лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite Active;

b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. The Canadian Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Commons and the Senate.

2. Centre town is often called “downtown”; it is the city’s financial and commercial part.

3. Parliament Hill situated between Centre town and the Ottawa River is home to many of the capital’s government buildings.

4. Most of the city traditionally supports the Liberal Party, although only some parts of the city are consistent Liberal strongholds.

 

 

Задание № 5. Прочтите и письменно переведите предложения с грамматической конструкцией (оборотом) “there is /there are”.

1. There is a new TV set in the room.

2. There was much snow in the streets last winter.

3. There will be an interesting play at the theatre on Saturday.

Задание № 6. Следуя правилам словообразования, образуйте 5 слов, используя суффиксы -ful, -ous, -al, -ant, -ic. Переведите.

Importance, education, religion, patriot, care.

Задание № 7. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий – сравнительную и превосходную. Переведите.

Many, carefully, good, near, interesting.

Задание № 8. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Laws are not for ordinary people, they are for lawyers.

2. He will take English lessons twice a week.

3. I am always consulting a dictionary when I translate texts.

4. Crime was a great problem in that region.

5. Her sister was taking part in the swimming competitions last Sunday.

6. I have already been studying English since 2001.

Вариант № 4

Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Australia

Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The country is a constitutional monarchy with a federal division of po-wers. It uses a parliamentary system of government by the Constitution. The executive powers are normally exercised by the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level.

The federal government is separated into three branches. The legislative branch comprises the British monarch (represented by the Governor-General), the Senate, and the House of Representatives.

The executive branch is represented by the Federal Executive Council. In practice the Governor-General as advised by the Prime Minister and Ministers of State.

The judicial branch comprises the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Governor-General on advice of the Council.

The country consists of six states and 2 two territories. The po-pulation of Australia is over 16 million people. The population density, 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, is among the lowest in the world. The official language of the country is English.

Australia is the flattest continent, with the oldest and least fertile soils. It is the driest inhabited continent, only its south-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate.

The climate of Australia is significantly influenced by ocean currents, which are rather changeable. Climate change has become an increasing concern in Australia in recent years. The climate is better in the east and south-east, where most big cities have grown-up. But the northern coast has too much rain, and the western coast is too dry.

Australia has a free-market economy with high GDP per capita and low rate of poverty. It is a highly developed country in the Southern Hemisphere; it is an important producer and exporter of primary products: wool, meat, sugar, fruit, coal, iron, copper, lead, gold, etc. There are five big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane. These cities are also the country’s main industrial centres and ports.

Canberra is the capital of Australia. Its territory is over 345,000 square kilometres. Canberra became the capital in 1908.

Canberra was specially planned as a capital. It is a quiet city. Canberra is the site of Parliament House, the High Court and nume-rous government departments and agencies. It is also the location of many social and cultural institutions of national significance, such as the Australian War Memorial, the Australian National University, the Australian Institute of Sport, the National Gallery, the National Museum and the National Library.

Vocabulary

the Commonwealth of Nations a constitutional monarchy with a federal division of powers the Governor-General the federal government the legislative branch the Senate the House of Representatives the executive branch the Federal Executive Council the judicial branch the High Court of Australia on advice of the Council a free-market economy with high GDP per capita and low rate of poverty Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane Canberra

Содружество наций конституционная монархия с федеральным разделением властей Генерал-Губернатор федеральное управление законодательная ветвь Сенат Палата представителей исполнительная ветвь Федеральный Исполнительный Совет судебная ветвь Высокий Суд Австралии по рекомендации Совета свободная рыночная экономика с высоким ВВП и низким уровнем бедности Сидней, Мельбурн, Аделаиде, Пёрт и Брисбейн Канберра

Задание № 2. Дайте ответы на вопросы по тексту “Australia” (задание № 1).

1. Is Australia is a constitutional monarchy or a federal union?

2. How many states and territories does the country consist of?

3. What is the population of Australia?

4. Australia is the flattest continent, with the oldest and least fer-tile soils, isn’t it?

5. Was Canberra specially planned as a capital?

 

Задание № 3. Задайте 5 вопросов к предложению (общий, альтернативный, разделительный и 2 специальных).

Canberrais the capital of Australia.

Задание № 4. Данные предложения из текста (задание № 1) содержат слова с окончаниями -s, -es, ’s. В каждом предложении определите, какую функцию выполняет окончание (-s, -es, ’s), обращая внимание на его грамматические признаки, т.е. является ли оно:

a) показателем третьего лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite Active;

b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. The judicial branch comprises the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Governor-General on advice of the Council.

2. The country consists of six states and 2 two territories.

3. There are five big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane.

4. These cities are also the country’s main industrial centres and ports.

Задание № 5. Прочтите и письменно переведите предложения с грамматической конструкцией (оборотом) “there is /there are”.

1. There is a modern computer on the table.

2. There were many people in the park on Sunday.

3. There will be a new library in the town next year.

 

Задание № 6. Следуя правилам словообразования, образуйте 5 слов, используя суффиксы -ful, -ive, -al, -ly, -hood. Переведите.

Beauty, fundament, object, friend, child.

Задание № 7. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий – сравнительную и превосходную. Переведите.

Important, bad, brave, well, soon.

Задание № 8. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The main duty of the police is to protect the society.

2. The policeman worked nine hours a day last month.

3. That man had already been playing basketball since his childhood.

4. The students were discussing that problem at the seminar.

5. He will sell his cottage next week.

6. Members of every community have made laws for their self-protection.

Вариант № 5

Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

New Zealand

 

New Zealand is an island country in the south-western part of the Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island), and numerous smaller islands. The country is notable for its geographic isolation.

New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The country has no codified constitution. The British monarchis the formal head of the state represented by the Governor-General.

New Zealand stays in close association with the United Kingdom as a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The Governor-General exercises the Crown’s powers and chairs the Executive Council, which is a formal committee consisting of all ministers of the Crown.

The legislative power is held by the democratically elected Parliament of New Zealand, and the rest of the cabinet. The British monarch and the Governor-General cannot normally exercise any power without the advice of the Cabinet, except in circumstances where there is no Cabinet or the Cabinet has lost the confidence of the Parliament. The head of the Cabinet is the Prime Minister. This is the highest policy-making body in the government.

The Parliament of New Zealand comprises one chamber, the House of Representatives, with 120 members. Parliamentary general elections are held every three years.

New Zealand has a population of 3.8 million people. The majority of New Zealand’s population is of European descent (98%), and only 4.2% are the Maori, the native population.

New Zealand has a modern, prosperous, developed economy. The country has a relatively high standard of living. New Zealand has a market economy which is greatly dependent on the global trade. Since 2000 New Zealand has made substantial gains in median household income.

The service sector is the largest sector in New Zealand’s eco-nomy. The country is heavily dependent on free trade, particularly in agricultural products. Agriculture has been and continues to be the main export industry in New Zealand.

About 50 percent of the country’s population lives in large cities, seaports and industrial centres.

Wellington is the capital of New Zealand and the third most populous urban area of New Zealand. Wellington is New Zealand’s political centre, housing Parliament, the head offices of all Government Ministries and Departments and diplomatic missions that are based in New Zealand. It is an important centre of New Zealand’s film and theatre industry.

Vocabulary

a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy codified constitution the Governor-General the Commonwealth of Nations the Crown’s powers the Executive Council ministers of the Crown the legislative power without the advice of the Cabinet the highest policy-making body the House of Representatives of European descent the Maori, the native population a relatively high standard of living a market economy the global trade median household income the service sector Wellington

конституционная монархия с парламентарной демократией кодифицированная конституция Генерал-губернатор Содружество наций полномочия Короны Исполнительный совет министры Короны законодательная власть без рекомендации Кабинета высший орган, формирующий политику Палата представителей европейского происхождения маори, коренное население относительно высокий уровень жизни рыночная экономика мировая торговля средний уровень дохода семьи сектор услуг Веллингтон

Задание № 2. Дайте ответы на вопросы по тексту “New Zealand” (задание № 1).

1. Is New Zealand a constitutional monarchy?

2. The legislative power is held by the democratically elected Parliament of New Zealand, isn’t it?

3. Is the Prime Minister or the Governor-General the head of the Cabinet?

4. Has New Zealand a modern, prosperous, developed economy?

5. What is the capital of New Zealand?

Задание № 3. Задайте 5 вопросов к предложению (общий, альтернативный, разделительный и 2 специальных).

Wellington is New Zealand’s political centre.

Задание № 4. Данные предложения из текста (задание № 1) содержат слова с окончаниями -s, -es, ’s. В каждом предложении определите, какую функцию выполняет окончание (-s, -es, ’s), обращая внимание на его грамматические признаки, т.е. является ли оно:

a) показателем третьего лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite Active;

b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1. New Zealand stays in close association with the United Kingdom as a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

2. The Governor-General exercises the Crown’s powers and chairs the Executive Council, which is a formal committee consisting of all ministers of the Crown.

3. The New Zealand Parliament comprises one chamber, the House of Representatives.

4. The majority of New Zealand’s population is of European descent.

 

Задание № 5. Прочтите и письменно переведите предложения с грамматической конструкцией (оборотом) “there is /there are”.

1. There are several books on the table.

2. There was an interesting film on TV yesterday.

3. There will be a new exhibition in the museum next week.

Задание № 6. Следуя правилам словообразования, образуйте 5 слов, используя суффиксы -er, -able, -al, -ing, -ern. Переведите.

Work, read, north, comfort, education.

Задание № 7. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий – сравнительную и превосходную. Переведите.

Good, fast, early, much, important.

Задание № 8. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Each policeman is individually responsible for his actions.

2. The policeman stopped and questioned everyone who was acting suspiciously.

3. He has already been working in this department during 6 years.

4. They will have no difficulty with this project.

5. While the student was reading an article, he saw and heard nothing around.

6. He hasn’t changed his opinion yet.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы № 2 необходимо изучить следующие разделы курса английского языка (грамматический комментарий, часть 2):

 

1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Значение, перевод на русский язык.

2. Система времён страдательного залога. Общая характеристика, значение, образование, употребление. Особенности перевода форм страдательного залога на русский язык.

3. Понятие о неличных формах глагола (инфинитив, причастие, герундий).

4. Инфинитив и его особенности.

5. Формы инфинитива, их образование, употребление и особенности перевода на русский язык.

6. Функции инфинитива в предложении, особенности перевода инфинитива на русский язык.

7. Объектный инфинитивный оборот (“Объектный падеж с инфинитивом” или сложное дополнение), его образование и перевод на русский язык.

8. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (“Именительный падеж с инфинитивом” или сложное подлежащее), его образование и перевод на русский язык.

9. Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом “for” (“Предложный инфинитивный оборот”), его образование и перевод на русский язык.

 

 

Вариант № 1

Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

The American Constitution

The American Constitution (adopted in 1787), the oldest still in force in the world, sets the basic form of government for the country. It is based on the doctrine of the separation of powers. There are three separate branches of power – executive, legislative and judicial, each of them having powers over the others. It specifies the powers and duties of each federal branch of government, which cannot be abused, being guaranteed by the system of checks and balances. Government power is also limited by means of a dual system of go-vernment in which the federal government is given the power and responsibilities to deal with problems facing the nation as a whole, including foreign affairs, trade, control of the army and navy, etc, the remaining responsibilities and duties of government being left to the individual state governments.

The Con­stitution has been repeatedly amended to meet the changing needs of the nation, but it is still the supreme law of the country. Under the Constitution the ultimate power is not given to the President (the executive branch), or to the Supreme Court (the judicial branch). The Constitution doesn’t give the main power to any other branch, political group or party, as in many other countries. According to the American Constitution the ultimate power belongs to “We the People”, in fact and in spirit.

The first 10 Constitutional Amendments, known together as the Bill of Rights, give the American citizens all the fundamental rights. These rights include the freedom of religion, speech and press, the right of peaceful assembly. These rights also guard the citizens against unreasonable searches, arrests and seizures of property, and establish a system of justice.

Americans are greatly proud of their Constitution as their rights were neither given to them by a small ruling class, nor they can be taken away by the government, court, or law.

 

 

Vocabulary

still in force the basic form of government the separation of powers the powers and duties federal branch of government which cannot be abused the system of checks and balances government power a dual system of government the power and responsibilities foreign affairs the individual state governments has been repeatedly amended in fact and in spirit Constitutional Amendments the Bill of Rights the freedom of religion, speech and press the right of peaceful assembly unreasonable searches arrests and seizures of property a system of justice

всё ещё в действии основная форма управления разделение властей полномочия и обязанности федеральная ветвь управления которой нельзя злоупотреблять система сдерживания и уравновешивания власть правительства двойная система управления власть и полномочия иностранные дела правительства отдельных штатов часто вносились поправки по сути и по духу Конституционные поправки Билль о правах свобода религии, слова и печати право на мирные собрания необоснованные обыски аресты и конфискация имущества система правосудия

Задание № 2. Выберите правильный ответ на вопрос по тексту “The American Constitution”.