Частота поставки (delivery frequency) — КиберПедия 

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Частота поставки (delivery frequency)

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Число поставок в отчетном периоде.

Штрих-код (bar code)

Код в виде полос разной ширины, с нанесенными под ними цифрами.

Находится на упаковке товара, непосредственно на изделии или вносится в сопроводительную документацию. Предназначенный для использования в автоматизированных системах идентификации товаров путем автоматического считывания оптическими сканирующими устройствами и преобразования в цифровые коды; используются в магазинах, на складах и т.д.

Экспедитор (freight forwarder)

1) физическое или юридическое лицо, действующее на основании договора поручения или комиссии, организующее транспортно-экспедиторское обслуживание, но не принимающее непосредственного участия в процессе транспортирования

2) работник предприятия или организации, в обязанности которого входит приём грузов, их сопровождение, оформление перевозочных документов и т.д.; сотрудник экспедиции

Эксплуатационные качества судна (operational performance of vessel)

Технические качества судна, такие как: грузоподъемность, грузовместимость, дальность плавания, автономность, и т.д.

Ярлык (label, tag)

Изготовленная из бумаги или другого материала этикетка или бланк, или клеймо на товаре, с обозначением наименования продукции, штрих-кода, количества, цены, гарантийного срока хранения и т.д.

 

 

Definition list

1. Administered channel systems various channel members informally agree to cooperate with each other.
2. Brokers agent middlemen who specialize in bringing buyers and sellers together.
3. Cash-and-carry wholesalers like service wholesalers, except that the customer must pay cash.
4. Catalog showroom retailers stores that sell several lines out of a catalog and display showroom with backup inventories.
5. Chain store one of several stores owned and managed by the same firm.
6. Channel of distribution any series of firms or individuals who participate in the flow of goods and services from producer to final user or consumer.
7. Close the salesperson's request for an order.
8. Containerization grouping individual items into an economical shipping quantity and sealing them in protective containers for transit to the final destination.
9. Contractual channel systems channel members agree by contract to cooperate with each other.
10. Convenience products products a consumer needs but isn't willing to spend much time or effort shopping for.
11. Convenience store a convenient place to shop—either centrally located near other shopping or "in the neighborhood."
12. Customer service level how rapidly and dependably a firm can deliver what customers want.
13. Demand curve a graph of the relationship between price and quantity demanded in a market—assuming that all other things stay the same.
14. Department stores larger stores that are organized into many separate departments and offer many product lines.
15. Direct marketing direct communication between a seller and an individual customer using a promotion method other than face-to-face personal selling.
16. Distribution center special kind of warehouse designed to speed the flow of goods and avoid unnecessary storing costs.
17. Diversion in transit redirection of railroad carloads already in transit.
18. Door-to-door selling going directly to the consumer's home.
19. Dual distribution when a producer uses several competing channels to reach the same target market.
20. Elastic demand if prices are dropped, the quantity demanded will stretch enough to increase total revenue.
21. Elastic supply the quantity supplied does stretch more if the price is raised.
22. Emergency products products that are purchased immediately when the need is great.
23. Exclusive distribution selling through only one middleman in a particular geographic area.
24.F.O.B. a transportation term that means "free on board" some vehicle at some point.
25. Freight absorption pricing absorbing freight cost so that a firm's delivered price meets the price of the nearest competitor's.
26. General merchandise wholesalers service wholesalers who carry a wide variety of nonperishable items such as hardware, electrical supplies, plumbing supplies, furniture, drugs, cosmetics, and automobile equipment.
27. General stores early retailers who carried anything they could sell in reasonable volume.
28. Gross margin (gross profit) the money left to cover the expenses of selling the products and operating the business.
29. Gross national product (GNP) the total market value of goods and services produced in a year.
30. Gross sales the total amount charged to all customers during some time period.
31. Heterogeneous shopping products shopping products that the customer sees as different—and wants to inspect for quality and suitability.
32. Homogeneous shopping products shopping products that the customer sees as basically the same—and wants at the lowest price.
33. Hypermarket very large store that tries to carry, not only foods, but all goods and services the consumer purchases routinely (also called superstore).
34. Intensive distribution selling a product through all responsible and suitable wholesalers or retailers who will stock and/or sell the product.
35. Inventory the amount of goods being stored.
36. Just-in-time delivery reliably getting products to the customer just before the customer needs them.
37. Limited-function wholesalers merchant wholesalers who provide only some wholesaling functions.
38. Limited-line stores stores that specialize in certain lines of related products rather than a wide assortment—sometimes called single-line stores.
39. Logistics the transporting and storing of goods so as to match target customers' needs with a firm's marketing mix—within individual firms and along a channel of distribution (i.e., another name for physical distribution).
40. Macro-marketing a social process that directs an economy's flow of goods and services from producers to consumers in a way that effectively matches supply and demand and accomplishes the objectives of society.
41. Mail-order wholesalers sell out of catalogs that may be distributed widely to smaller industrial customers or retailers.
42. Major accounts sales force salespeople who sell directly to large accounts such as major retail chain stores.
43. Manufacturers' agents agent middlemen who sell similar products for several noncompeting producers for a commission on what is actually sold.
44. Manufacturers' sales branches separate businesses that producers set up away from their factories.
45. Market a group of potential customers with similar needs and sellers offering various products—that is, ways of satisfying those needs or a group of sellers and buyers who are willing to exchange goods and/or services for something of value.
46. Market development trying to increase sales by selling present products in new markets.
47. Merchant wholesalers wholesalers who own (take title to) the products they sell.
48. Net profit what the company has earned from its operations during a particular period. 49. Physical distribution (PD) the transporting and storing of goods so as to match target customers' needs with a firm's marketing mix—within individual firms and along a channel of distribution.
50. Physical distribution (PD) concept all transporting and storing activities of a business and a channel system should be coordinated as one system—which should seek to minimize the cost of distribution for a given customer service level.
51. Price what is charged for "something."
52. Primary demand demand for the general product idea, not just the company's own brand.
53. Production actually making goods or performing services.
54. Promotion communicating information between seller and potential buyer to influence attitudes and behavior.
55. Prospecting following down all the "leads" in the target market to identify potential customers.
56. Psychographics the analysis of a person's day-to-day pattern of living as expressed in his /Activities, /interests, and Opinions—sometimes referred to as AlOs or life-style analysis.
57. Public warehouses - independent storing facilities.
58. Raw materials unprocessed expense items—such as logs, iron ore, wheat, and cotton—that are handled as little as needed to move them to the next production process.
59. Retailing all of the activities involved in the sale of products to final consumers.
60. Risk taking - bearing the uncertainties that are part of the marketing process.
61. Sale price a temporary discount from the list price.
62. Sales decline a stage of the product life cycle when new products replace the old.
63. Sales forecast an estimate of how much an industry or firm hopes to sell to a market segment.
64. Sales managers managers concerned with managing personal selling.
65. Sales presentation a salesperson's effort to make a sale.
66. Selective demand demand for a specific brand rather than a product category.
67. Selective distribution selling through only those middlemen who will give the product special attention.
68. Service a deed performed by one party for another
69. Single-line (or general-line) wholesalers service wholesalers who carry a narrower line of merchandise than general merchandise wholesalers.
70. Specialty wholesalers service wholesalers who carry a very narrow range of products and offer more information and service than other service wholesalers.
71. Storing the marketing function of holding goods.
72. Storing function holding goods until customers need them.
73. Superstore very large store that tries to carry, not only foods, but all goods and services the consumer purchases routinely (also called hypermarket).
74. Supplies expense items that do not become a part of a finished product.
75. Supply curve the quantity of products that will be supplied at various possible prices.
76. Target market a fairly homogeneous (similar) group of customers to whom a company wishes to appeal.
77. Target marketing a marketing mix is tailored to fit some specific target customers.
78. Telephone and direct-mail retailing allows consumers to shop at home—usually placing orders by mail or a toll-free long distance telephone call and charging the purchase to a credit card.
79. Total cost the sum of total fixed and total variable costs.
80. Trademark those words, symbols, or marks that are legally registered for use by a single company.
81. Transporting the marketing function of moving goods.
82. Transporting function the movement of goods from one place to another.
83. Vertical integration acquiring firms at different levels of channel activity.
84. Wheel of retailing theory new types of retailers enter the market as low-status, low-margin, low-price operators and then—if they are successful—evolve into more-conventional retailers offering more services—with higher operating costs and higher prices.
85. Wholesalers firms whose main function is providing wholesaling activities.
86. Wholesaling the activities of those persons or establishments that sell to retailers and other merchants, and/or to industrial, institutional, and commercial users, but who do not sell in large amounts to final consumers.

References

 

1. In the age of the real-time enterprise. Published by Oliver Weight Publications. Thomas G.Gunn. USA. 1994.
   
2. Managing Service as a strategic profit center. Donald F. Blumberg. McGraw – Hill, Inc. 1991.
   
3. Essentials of Marketing. McCarthy, Irwin series in marketing. USA. 1994.
   
4. David N. HYMAN. Macroeconomics second Edition, The USA. 1992.
   
5. Thomas F. Basso. Panic-proof investing: Lessons in profitable investing from a market wizard. The USA. 1994.
   
6. Patric M. Wright. Management of organizations. The USA. 1996.
   
7. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, D.M. & Pagh, J. (1997) Supply Chain Management: More than a new name for Logistics. The international Journal of Logistics Management Vol 8, Iss 1, pp 1-14.
   
8. Mentzer, J.T. Defining Supply Chain Management, in: Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 22, № 2, 2001.
   
9. Destination C1 & C2. Grammar & vocabulary with Answer Keys. Macmillan Publishers Limited. 2008.
   
10. J.S. McKellen. Test Your Business English General Usage. Penguin Books Ltd. 1990.
   
11. E. Emmerson. Business Vocabulary builder. Intermediate to Upper-Intermediate. Macmillan. 2010.
   
12. Bill Mascull. Business Vocabulary in use. Cambridge University Press. 2002.
   
13. George Bethell, Tricia Aspinall. Test your business vocabulary in use. Cambridge University Press. 2009.

 

 

A Letter from the Author

Dear Students,

Now the time has come to congratulate you, because you have completed another important stage in your English. You are no longer beginners! You have practically covered all the essential rules of English grammar, and your vocabulary now exceeds 1,500 words. You have already learnt enough general English to begin specializing in the English of your profession. This is not a bad result, and you have every reason to be satisfied.

There is something, however, very seriously left to talk about. Unfortunately, there is no such thing as a stabilized state in your knowledge of the language. Like any activity requiring a skill, your ability to use English needs regular practice. You either go on acquiring knowledge, practicing and making progress, or you begin to forget what you have learnt and lose the skills, and very quickly at that!

In other words, once you have started learning a foreign language, you shouldn't stop, otherwise, you risk forgetting a great deal of what you know.

Of course, it isn't always easy to find someone to speak to, but finding a good English book to read is no problem at all. When you read, you sometimes increase your vocabulary without any special effort on your part, but don't forget that a new word is always worth looking up in the dictionary, especially if you are going to use it in your own speech.

In addition to reading, which has always been a reliable way of increasing competence in a foreign language, there is something that only a modern learner can afford to do. It is listening to the radio and tapes and watching video.

Remember the proverb: You are as many a person as many languages you know.

Good luck!

 


* supplementary tasks

* supplementary tasks


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