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1. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

ARCHIMEDES: INVENTOR OR SCIENTIST

Though Archimedes was among the world’s most prolific inventors, he preference (1) to be remembered for his theories. His tomb was inscription (2) with a sphere and a cylinder, the discovery of the rate (3) of which was one of his pride (4) moments. “Give me a place to stand and I will move the Earth”, Archimedes is said to have declaration (5) to King Heiron II of Syracuse in Sicily some time around 260 BC. To the astonish (6) of those present, Archimedes just single-handedly launched “Syracusia”, one of the most

luxury (7) and biggest ships built in the ancient times, by an ingenious

arrange (8) of levers and pulleys. He was doubt (9) the greatest inventor of the ancient times. Not only did he invent a lot of basic mechanics (10) devices, but he built the first water pump, which is called Archimedes screw and is still used in many places. When his home city was siege (11) by a Roman fleet, he constructed a catapult to bomb (12) the ships with boulders, a mirror to focus sunlight and set the ships on fire, devise (13) to throw down scaling ladders, etc. Yet, in some ways his inventions were the least of his achieve (14). Like most Greek think (15), he placed a higher value on abstract scientific and mathematical ideas than on their useful apply (16). Although he did not hesitate to build machines and conduct practice (17) experiments, it is his purely intellect (18) achievements that were his lasting legal (19) and made him the greatest scientist in history until the time of Issak Newton who was in awe of him.

ARCHMEDES: INVENTOR OR SCIENTIST

1. preferred 2. inscribed 3. ratio 4. proud/est 5. declared 6. astonishment

7. luxurious 8. arrangement 9. undoubtedly 10. mechanical 11. besieged

12. bombard 13. devices 14. achievements 15. thinkers 16. applications

17. practical 18. intellectual 19. legacy

 

2. Выберите подходящее слово из предложенных трех вариантов.

LEONARDO'S INVENTIONS

 

On the surviving thousands of pages containing Leonardo’sscientific ideas, there are (1) ___ of inventions of machines and devices, some just

(2) ___ ideas, some fully worked out with detailed drawings. What is astonishing is not just the sheer (3) ___ of problems that Leonardo put his mind to, from war machines to water (4) ___, but just how many of his ideas are almost unnervingly ahead of time. Helicopters, tanks, cars, aero planes, bicycles, parachutes – all appear on Leonardo's pages, 500 years before they became a (5) ___. It seems unlikely, though, that Leonardo tried out many of these amazingideas. It seems unlikely, too, that anyone else even knew about them (6) ___ the few who (7) ___ his notebooks.

Ten years before his death he designed a glider that had a (8) ___ control system not unlike modern hang gliders. Recently, experts have built a machine based exactly on his designusing only materials and tools that would be (9) ___ then, and proved that it would not only have been able to fly, but also be

(10) ___ in flight, something not achieved until the Wright brothers’ famous flight in1903. He also designed a helicopter to climb vertically into the air

(11) ___ men on a platform beneath it. Unlikemodern helicopters, it did not have rotor blades, but a spiral screw. Helicopter toys had actually been around for centuries, but Leonardo was the first - and perhaps the last for another 500 years - to try and design one as a (12) ___ for lifting people.

	A quantity	B scores	C numerous
	A primary	B previous	C tentative
	A rate	B range	C ranging
	A supply	B provision	C delivery
	A realization	B reality	C realistic
	A expect	B accept	C except
	A required	B inquired	C acquired
	A genial	B congenial	C genuine
	A valuable	B available	C prevailing
	A controlled	B managed	C guided
	A transmitting	B caring	C carrying
	A mean	B means	C meaning

LEONARDO'S INVENTIONS

1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. B

2. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

TURING MACHINE

British mathematics (1) Alan Turing is regarded as the father of art (2) intelligence popular (3) known as AI. During the 1930s, Turing showed, at least, in theory, that it is possible to create a universe (4) machine capable of perform (5) all the tasks of any special-purpose compute (6) machine.

War-time work on code-breaking helped Turing to turn his discovery into the real (7) of an electronic computer. But he also believed that computers could mimic the act (8) of the human mind. In 1951, Turing published a predict (9): by the end of the 20th century, computers would be able to hold a five-minute converse (10) with humans without the latter recognizing the deceive (11). This so-called “Turing test” has not been passed yet.

Modern computer scientists can be divided into two broad groups on the issue of AI. The pragmatics (12) see AI as a means to create machines that do for thinking what engines have done for physical labor: perform (13) of boring and time- consumption (14) tasks. Others often referred to as visionaries still fascinated by Turing’s challenge, are trying to bring the sci-fi image to life. Visionary AI research (15) working away from mainstream have made some striking achieve (16). H.Simon's 1957 prediction that a computer would make a mathematical discovery real (17) 20 years later when a logic-based program named AM rediscovered “Goldbach Conjecture”, the discovery of the Prussian mathematician of the 18^th century.

Another Simon’s prophet (18) also came true in the 1997, when IBM's Deep Blue computer beat Garry Kasparov, the greatest human exponent of the game.

 

TURING MACHINE

1. mathematician 2. artificial 3. popularly 4. universal 5. performing

6. computing 7. reality 8. activity 9. prediction 10. conversation 11. deceit 12. pragmatists 13. performance 14. -consuming 15. researchers

16. achievements 17. realized 18. prophecy

_____________________________________________________

WORK

8. Образуйте соответствующее однокоренное слово.

THE END OF THE SECRETARY

 

It may seem believe (1), but it is quite possible that the days of the secretary are coming to an end. There is evident (2) to suggest that professional people such as doctors, law (3) and managers are dealing with correspondence person (4) rather than having a secretary do it. And the reason is simple: modern technology. Until recently, secretaries were extremely use (5) for typing letters to custom (6) and clients, for fixing appoint (7) and dealing with travel arrange (8). Taking telephone messages was yet another of their major responsible (9). However, with introduce (10) of e-mail and mobile phones, managers are able to do more and more of these act (11) themselves. Currently, many companies havefewer secretary (12) positions in their organize (13) structures than they used to five years ago. However, employ (14) does not seem to increase as a result. Rather, secretaries tend to find new positions as personal assist (15) and some even get manage (16) jobs.

THE END OF THE SECRETARY

1. unbelievable 2. evidence 3. lawyers 4. personally 5. useful 6. customers 7. appointments 8. arrangements 9. responsibilities

10. introduction 11. activities 12. secretarial 13. organizational

14. unemployment 15. assistants 16. Managerial

 

6. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из предложенного списка.