Grammar review: personal and Possessive pronouns. Tenses Active and Passive. Conditional clauses.

 

Person	Singular	Plural
	Subject pronoun	Object pronoun	Possessive 1 adjective	Possessive 2 pronoun	Subject pronoun	Object pronoun	Possessive 1 adjective	Possessive 2 pronoun
	I	me	my	mine	we	us	our	ours
	you	you	your	yours	you	you	your	yours
	he she it	him her it	his her its	his hers its	they	them	their	theirs

Choose proper pronouns for the nouns.

1. My friend defended his diploma project.	1) they
2. Students study mathematics.	2) them
3. I attend lectures.	3) he
4. Our University trains specialists for shipbuilding industry.	4) it
5. The hostel is not far from the University	5) their
6. Students’ life is interesting.	6) them

Use the right pronoun.

A.

1. Kate and (I, me) work together. 2. We spent our holiday together with (them, they).3. My sister and (I, me) are good friends. 4. It's (he, him). 5. (She, her) writes to (he, him) every day. 6. (We, us) enjoy playing tennis. 7. Will you give (her, she) and (I, me) some help? 8. Helen and (they, them) are next-door neighbours.

 

B.

1. (My, me) aunt Susan is (my, me) mother's sister. 2. (Our, us) relatives are coming to see (our, us) today. 3. Tell (them, their) about it. 4. Is this (you, your) dog? There is something wrong with (it, its) ear. 5. Ask (him, his) if it's (him, his) car. 6. George and Carol are having (them, their) lunch. 7. He gave (me, my) (him, his) photograph in which I couldn't recognize (him, his). 8. We were surprised to see (them, their) on the platform, they also came to meet (our, us).

Use the pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them.

1. She gave... the book and asked to return... to... next week. 2. Are you going to invite... to your party? She is such a bore! 3. My parents are coming to see... on Saturday. I like to spend my weekend with.... 4. I didn't like the film. I don't want to speak about.... 5. We'll be very happy if you go on a trip with.... 6. Don't ask... this question. I don't know how to answer.... 7. If she doesn't arrive tomorrow send... a telegram. 8. I'm sorry to trouble..., but I want... to do... a favour. 9. Let's not wait for..., they are always late. 10. Do you want... to do it for...? I don't mind....

 

Text 1. What is Economics?

Words and word combinations on the text. Learn them.

accurate definition	—	точное определение
areas n	—	области, сферы
affect prices	—	влиять на цены
behaviour n	—	поведение
data n	—	данные, сведения
decision n	—	решение
make a decision	—	принимать решение
develop v	—	развивать, развиваться
development n	—	развитие
development economics	—	экономика развивающихся стран
essential a	—	существенный, ощутимый
growth n	—	рост, подъем
grow, grew, grown v	—	расти
labour n	—	труд
in order to	—	чтобы
particular a	—	отдельный, особый, специфический
predict v	—	предсказывать
prediction n	—	предсказание

1.5. Translate the word combinations:

market analysis, labour economics, labour market study, goods and services prices, growth economics problems, actual economic situation details, consumer behaviour, future prediction, growth mechanism, agriculture and manufacturing relationship, mineral resources prices, agricultural product price growth, area development, trade growth prediction

 

1.6. Read the words paying attention to the stressed syllables:

 

in crea se v, in crease n, ef fort, de ve lop, sup ply, sup plier, com pe te, compe ti tion, con ve nience, dis tri bute, distri bu tion, in come, e co nomist, eco no mics, microeco no mics, eco no mic, e co nomize, in vest, in ves tor, in vest ment, act, ac tive, ac tively, ac ti vity, for mal, for ma lity, li mit, limi ta tion, li mited, un li mited, re quir e, mea sure, ex cess, ad van ced, a verage, inde pen dence, per ca pita

 

Read the text and answer the questions.

1. What problems are economists interested in? 2. What are three main approaches to economics? 3. What specialized areas of economics do you know? 4. Why do economists use economic models? 5. Why is it not possible to include all the details in a model? 6. What does a model usually include? 7. Which of the models does an economist always choose? 8. Why is it necessary for an economist to collect and study actual data?

What is Economics?

It is difficult to give a full and accurate definition of economics, but it is possible to indicate what problems economists are interested in. They are factors that affect prices of goods and services and also resources necessary to produce them. Economists are also interested in sellers’ and buyers’ behaviour in the market, in the relationship between “price system” and “market mechanism”.

Now economics is more complex. There are three main approaches to economics: microeconomics, macroeconomics, and development economics. There are also several specialized areas of study. Among them are money economics, international economics, labour economics, industrial economics, agricultural economics, growth economics, mathematical economics, etc.

Like many other sciences, economics uses models to understand economic problems. A model often helps an economist to make correct predictions. The economist usually follows several rules when he makes a model of economic behaviour.

First, real life is complex and it is not possible for an economist to include all the details in a model. So, a model is an abstraction from real life. A model usually includes only essential elements and relationships of a particular economic situation.

Second, if an economist has two different models of one phenomenon, he always chooses the model that predicts the results of a particular phenomenon more accurately.

Third, although models are helpful in economic analysis, an economist always studies the actual economic situation before he makes decisions.

It is not enough to make models, it is also necessary to collect and study actual data in order to know how accurate a model is.

1.8. Match part A with part B.

A

1. Resources and labour are necessary

2. It is necessary to know marketing

3. It is not enough to study economic theory

4. Like other sciences, economic theory

5. To buy goods and services it is necessary for a consumer

6. It is not always possible to predict

7. To have enough money for his

8. Development of trade

B

a) is essential for economic growth of a country.

b) the results of every phenomenon.

c) to produce goods.

d) to sell goods and services well.

e) to have enough money.

f) to be a good economist.

g) family he works a lot.

h) to analyse a real life situation.