II. Answer the following questions. (Present Continuous)

SUPPLEMENTARY TEST PAPERS

Lesson 2. Lab. Work 1.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. заботиться о ребенке; 2. поступить в институт; 3. изучать много предметов; 4. читать медицинские статьи; 5. болезнь сердца; 6. взрослый брат; 7. повышение температуры; 8. под наблюдение родственников; 9. интересоваться медициной; 10. жить в общежитии

1. to take care of the child; 2. to enter the institute; 3. to study many subjects; 4. to read medical articles; 5. a heart disease; 6. an adult brother; 7. the increase of tempera­ture; 8. under the care of one's relatives; 9. to care for medicine; 10. to live at a hostel

Б. 1. повышенная температура; 2. вступительные экзамены; 3. перед лекцией; 4. побледнеть; 5. обратить внимание на анатомию; 6. вступить в научный кружок; 7. работать в качестве врача; 8. специальные предметы; 9. находиться под наблюдением врача; 10. интересоваться биологией

I. an increased temperature; 2. entrance examinations; 3. before the lecture; 4. to become pale; 5. to pay attention to Anatomy; 6. to join a scientific society; 7. to work as a doctor; 8. special subjects; 9. to be under the doctor's care; 10. to care for Biology II. Translate the following and check it up. A. The verbs "to be" and "to have"

1. Я нахожусь под наблюдением врача. 2. У студентов-медиков много специальных предметов. 3. У моего брата интересная научная работа. 4. Сей­час мы не в общежитии, мы в институте. 5. У моего друга повышенная темпе­ратура.

1. I am under the care of a doctor. 2. Medical students have many special subjects. 3. My brother has an interesting scientific work 4. Now we are not at the hostel, we are at the Institute. 5. My friend has an increased temperature.

B. Imperative Mood

1. Обратите внимание на эту статью. 2. Получите книги в институтской библиотеке. 3. Вступайте в научный кружок по химии. 4. Поступайте в этот ме­дицинский институт.

1. Pay attention to this article. 2. Get the books from the Institute Library. 3. Join the Chemistry scientific Society. 4. Enter this Medical Institute.

 

Lesson 2. Lab. Work 2.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. войти в комнату; 2. сдавать вступительные экзамены; 3. у входа в лекционный зал; 4. стать студентом; 5. я взрослый; 6. перед уроком; 7. иметь много родственников; 8. общежитие находится недалеко от института; 9. химия — ин­тересный предмет; 10. получать повышенную стипендию

1. to enter the room; 2. to take entrance examinations; 3. at the entrance to the lecture hall; 4. to become a student; 5. I am an adult; 6. before the lesson; 7. to have many relatives; 8. the hostel is not far from the institute; 9. Chemistry is an interesting subject; 10. to get an increased stipend

Б. 1. обратить внимание на чтение; 2. что это значит?; 3. газетная статья; 4, изу­чать функции сердца; 5. грипп - это болезнь; 6. заботиться о своих родителях; 7. интересоваться физиологией; 8. современная медицинская литература; 9. изучать характер заболевания; 10. получить «пятерки» по всем предметам на вступительных экзаменах

1. to pay attention to reading; 2. what does it mean?; 3. a newspaper article; 4. to study the functions of the heart; 5. the grippe is a disease; 6. to take care of one's parents; 7. to care for Physiology; 8. modern medical literature; 9. to study the nature of the disease; 10. to get "fives" in alt the subjects at the entrance examinations

II. Say these sentences in the Fast Indefinite:

1. My friend gets an increased stipend. 2. He will become a good medical specialist. 3. We know well what it means. 4. This student pays much attention to Anatomy. 4. The students will take examinations in January.

1. got; 2. became; 3. knew, meant; 4. paid; 5. took

Lesson 3. Lab. Work 3.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. основать новое отделение больницы; 2. анатомия человека; 3. такая ин­тересная статья; 4. в течение двухлетнего периода; 5. получить назначение на ра­боту; 6. поставить диагноз болезни; 7. отличаться от; 8. лечить людей по поводу различных заболеваний лекарствами; 9. изучать хирургию; 10. продолжаться пять часов

1. to found a new department of the hospital; 2. human anatomy; 3. such an inter­esting article; 4. during the two-years' period; 5. to get one's work appointment; 6. to diagnose a disease; 7. to be different from; 8., to treat people for different diseases with medicines; 9. to study surgery; 10. to last for five hours

Б. 1. проводить лабораторные анализы; 2. приобрести необходимый опыт; 3. в конце года; 4. работать в хирургическом отделении; 5. знания по медицине; 6. место их назначения на работу; 7. лекция заканчивается в два часа; 8. завершить (закончить) научный эксперимент; 9. знать в основном; 10. готовить статью по хирургии

1. to carry out laboratory analyses; 2. to gain the necessary experience; 3. at the end of the year; 4. to work at a surgical department; 5. the knowledge of medicine; 6. the place of their work appointment; 7. the lecture is over at 2 o'clock; 8. to complete a scientific experiment; 9. to know in the main; 10. to prepare an article on surgery

II. Insert the necessary Objective or Possessive Pronouns:

1. I read a medical article. I read... yesterday. 2. Did... friend attend the lecture yesterday? I did not see... in the lecture hall. 3. The doctor treats people for different diseases. He must treat... attentively. 4.1 see an anatomical atlas. I see... on the table;... colour is gray.

1. it; 2. your; him (her); 3. them; 4. it, its

Lesson 3. Lab. Work 4.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

1. в основном; 2. специалист во многих областях; 3. получить хорошие знания по хирургии; 4. необходимый для нас; 5. полный курс занятий; 6. всеобщее внимание; 7. хирургическая сестра; 8. терапевтическое отделение; 9. практика; 10. в общем

1. in the main; 2. a specialist in many fields; 3. to gain good knowledge of surgery;

4. necessary for us; 5. a complete course of studies; 6. general attention; 7. a surgical
nurse; 8. a therapeutic department; 9. practical training; 10. in general

II. Translate the following and check it up.
(Irregular Forms of Nouns in the Plural Number)

I. У моей сестры хорошие зубы. 2. У его мамы болят ноги. 3. Миллионы людей отдали свои жизни за родину. 4. У ее сестры один ребенок, а у ее брата трое детей. 5. Я знаю этих женщин.

1. My sister has good teeth. 2. His mother's feet ache. 3. Millions of people gave up their lives for motherland. 4. Her sister has one child, and her brother has three children. 5. 1 know these women.

Б. Insert the missing pronouns:

 

	Personal	Objective	Possessive
		_____
	-	him	_
	-	—	her
	-	—	its'
	-	us	—
	you	-	-
	—	—	their

1. me, my; 2. he, his; 3. she, her; 4. it, it; 5. we, our; 6. you, your; 7. they, them

III. Answer the following questions:

1. How many years do the studies at a medical institute last? 2. In which year do medical students work at a surgical (therapeutic) department? 3. What main subjects do medical students study in the first year? 4. When will you complete the course of Biol­ogy? 5. What field of medicine do you want to work in? 6. When were your lectures over yesterday? 7. What does the surgical nurse do? 8. Who usually prepares instruments for a surgical operation? 9. What Russian scientist is one of the founders of Physiology?

Lesson 4. Lab. Work 5.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. многочисленные предметы; 2. светлая голова; 3. нуждаться в хорошем уходе; 4. весь день; 5. сдать экзамены успешно; 6. слушать лекции; 7. посещать все собрания; 8. В середине года; 9. глубокие знания по медицине; 10. возможность

поступить в институт

1. numerous subjects; 2. a clear head; 3. to need good care; 4. the whole day; 5. to pass the examinations successfully; 6. to listen to lectures; 7. to attend all meetings; 8. in the middle of the year; 9. deep knowledge of medicine; 10. the possibility to enter the institute

Б. 1. ясный день; 2. нуждаться в уходе; 3. проводить многочисленные опыты; 4. возможность получить знания; 5. работать упорно; 6. несколько медицинских статей; 7. в середине семестра; 8. читать лекцию; 9. весь учебный год; 10. про­слушать сердце

1. a clear day; 2. to need care; 3. to perform numerous experiments; 4. the possibility to gain knowledge; 5. to work hard; 6. several medical articles; 7. in the middle of the term; 8. to deliver a lecture; 9. the whole academic year; 10. to listen to the heart

II. Answer the following questions.
(Impersonal Sentences)

1. Is it warm or cold today? 2. Was it warm or cold yesterday? 3. Will it be warm or cold tomorrow? 4. Is it necessary or not to prepare for the English lesson today? 5. Was it necessary or not to prepare for the English lesson yesterday? 6. Will it be necessary or not to prepare for the English lesson tomorrow?

III. Answer the following questions:

1 Who delivers lectures in Anatomy at your Institute? 2. When did Prof. X deliver the last lecture in Biology? 3. What lectures do you attend on Mondays? 4. When will you attend the next lecture in Chemistry? 5. When did you perform English Lab. Work No. 3? 6. What do medical students perform experiments on? (on animals). 7. When do medical students work hard? 8. Why do medical students work hard during the whole course of their studies at the Institute? 9. When did your first term begin? 10. When will your first term be over?

Lesson 4. Lab. Work 6.

I. Translate the following word combinations and check up your answers:

1. нам очень нужна эта статья; 2. чистая вода; 3. слушать преподавателя внимательно; 4. дать возможность; 5. трудная работа; 6. организм человека;

7. анатомические термины; 8. в конце семестра; 9. выполнять различные ла­бораторные работы; 10. объяснять ясно

1. we need this article badly; 2. clear water; 3. to listen to the teacher attentively;

4. to give the possibility; 5. hard work; 6. a human body; 7. anatomical terms; S. at the
end of the term; 9. to perform different laboratory works; 10. to explain clearly

II. Translate tbe following (Impersonal Sentences) and check it up:

1. Необходимо выполнить многочисленные эксперименты. 2. Трудно ли сдать все экзамены успешно? 3. Ясно, что у этого студента глубокие знания по анатомии.

1. It is necessary to perform numerous experiments. 2. Is it difficult to pass all the examinations successfully? 3. It is clear that this student has deep knowledge of Anatomy.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What knowledge of medicine will help you to become a good doctor? 2. What special subjects will you study in the second year? 3. What laboratory works do you need to perform every week? 4. Where do you usually listen to the lectures in Anatomy?

5. Where does a surgical nurse work? 6. When does a student need his teacher's help?
7. When will you have the possibility to perform operations?

Lesson 5. Lab. Work 7.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. именно эта научная статья; 2. иметь большие способности к химии;
3. полное излечение; 4. быть здоровым; 5. ценное средство; 6. не вредить; 7. легкий предмет; 8. вылечить больного от гриппа; 9. выдающийся хирург; 10. Добрый человек

1. this particular scientific article; 2. to have great abilities for Chemistry; 3. a com­plete cure; 4. to be in good health; 5. a valuable remedy; 6. not to do any harm; 7. An easy subject; 8. to cure a patient of the grippe; 9. a prominent surgeon; 10. a kind person

Б. 1. представлять особый интерес; 2. проявлять способности; 3. излечить человека от сердечного заболевания; 4. нуждаться в особом уходе; 5. иметь слабое здоровье; 6. считать его хорошим терапевтом; 7. помнить много анатомических терминов; 8. вредить кому-л.; 9. действовать быстро; 10. даже больше

1. to be of particular interest; 2. to show the abilities; 3. to cure a man of a heart disease; 4. to require (to need) particular care; 5. to be in poor health; 6. to consider him a good therapeutist; 7. to remember many anatomical terms; 8. to do smb. harm; 9. to act rapidly (quickly); 10. even more

II. Answer the following questions:

1. Who can diagnose a heart disease? (a therapeutist...) 2. Who can treat patients? 3. Who is a prominent scientist in the field of surgery? (Amosov, Meshalkin, Vishnevsky, Bakulev, etc....) 4. Why must students remember well all the new English words? 5. Why must medical students gain deep knowledge of medicine at the Institute? 6. Why is health protection the main principle of Russian medicine? 7. What subject must you pay par­ticular attention to in the first year? 8. What kind of work does a surgical nurse perform? 9. What abilities has your fellow student for Anatomy? 10. When is it easy to pass exami­nations successfully? 11. When will you get the profession of a doctor?

Lesson 5. Lab. Work 8.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. ценное средство; 2. не вредить; 3. легко; 4. доброе сердце; 5. охрана здо­ровья; 6. слабое здоровье; 7. выдающийся ученый; 8. какой, какого рода: 9. иногда бывает трудно поставить диагноз болезни

1. a valuable remedy; 2. to do no harm, not to do any harm; 3. it is easy; 4. a kind heart; 5. health protection; 6. poor health; 7. a prominent scientist; 8. what kind of; 9. sometimes it is difficult to diagnose a disease

Б. 1. Это ценное средство от сердечных заболеваний. 2. Это лекарство не причинит вам никакого вреда. 3. Легко сдать экзамены, если вы занимаетесь упорно весь год. 4. Врач должен быть добрым человеком. 5. Правительство обращает большое внимание на охрану здоровья людей. 6. У него слабое здоровье. 7. Пирогов — выдающийся русский ученый в области хирургии. 8. Знаете ли вы, какой болезнью является бронхит?

1. It is a valuable remedy for heart diseases. 2. This medicine will do you no harm. 3. It is easy to pass examinations if you study hard the whole year. 4. The doctor must be a kind person. 5. The Government pays great attention to the health protection of the people. 6. He is in poor health. 7. Pirogov is a prominent Russian scientist in the field of Surgery. 8. Do you know what kind of disease bronchitis is? II. Put the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense and check up your answers:

1. Whom... the doctor always...? (treat) 2. Whom... the doctor... yesterday? (ex­amine) 3. Whom... the doctor... tomorrow? (see) 4. Where... prof. X always... lectures? (deliver) 5. Where... you... the laboratory work next Friday? (perform) 6. Where... the students... the lecture last Tuesday? (listen to)

1.... does,... treat? 2.... did... examine...? 3.... will... see...? 4.... does... deliver.,.? 5.... will... perform...? 6.... did... listen to?

Lesson 6. Lab. Work 9.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. при поступлении в институт; 2. решить стать хирургом; 3. кроме лекций; 4. заметный успех; 5. в покое; 6. перед окончанием института; 7. достичь хороших результатов; 8. назначить дату экзамена; 9. содержать много ценной информации;

10. уставать

1. on admission to the institute; 2. to decide to become a surgeon; 3. in addition to the lectures; 4. marked success (progress); 5. at rest; 6. before the graduation from the institute; 7. to achieve good results; 8. to fix the date of the examination; 9. to contain much valuable information; 10. to become tired

Б. 1. остальное время; 2. получить хорошую оценку по биологии; 3. допол­нительный материал; 4. решить провести опыт; 5, нести ответственность за жизнь больных; 6. при поступлении в больницу; 7. я устал; 8. содержать интересные факты; 9. в установленное время; 10. достичь цели

1. the rest of the time; 2. to get a good mark in Biology; 3. an additional material; >4. to decide to carry out an experiment; 5. to be responsible for the patients' life; 6. on

admission to the hospital; 7.1 am tired; 8. to contain interesting facts; 9. at a fixed time; 10. to achieve the aim

II. Answer the following questions.
(Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives)

1. Which is a more difficult subject; Biology or Chemistry? 2. Where is it easier to study: at school or at the Institute? 3. Where is it better to rest; in town or in the country?

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What examinations did you take on admission to the Institute? 2. What field of medicine do you want to work in after your graduation from the institute? 3. Who is responsible for political talks in your group? 4. What helps you to achieve good results in your studies? 5. What scientific society did you decide to join? 6. What practical classes will you have tomorrow in addition to the lectures? 7. Who fixes the dates of your exams? 8. How many pages does this English textbook contain? 9. What mark did you get in Physics at your entrance examination? 10. What do you do when you are tired? 11. What will you do during the rest of the day?

Lesson 6. Lab. Work 10.

I. A. Translate the following and check up your answers:

1. терять время; 2. быть против чего-л.; 3. присутствовать; иметься; 4. в настоящее время; 5. проходить быстро; 6. вернуться; 7. на спине

1. to lose time; 2. to be against smth; 3. to be present; 4. at present; 5. to pass rapidly (quickly); 6. to come back; 7. on (one's) back

B. Answer the following questions:

1. When do you usually come back home from the Institute? 2. When does it seem to us that time passes very rapidly? 3. Where are you present now? 4. Where are your par­ents at present? 5. What helps us to protect our health against diseases? 6. Why mustn't we lose a minute?

II. Insert the necessary Indefinite Pronouns and check up your answers:

1. Don't lose... time. 2. I am not against... of your ideas. 3.... of our students were present at the conference. 4. Does this article contain... additional information? 5. He achieved... good results in his research work.

1. any; 2. any; 3. some; 4. any; 5. some

Lesson 7. Lab. Work 11.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. вернуться домой поздно; 2. в то время как; 3. провести собрание; 4. посвяшать много времени анатомии; 5. человек большой силы; 6. бороться с болезнями; 7. чувствовать себя плохо; 8. настоящий ученый; 9. член научного кружка; 10. еще лучше

1. to return (to come back) home late; 2. while; 3. to hold a meeting; 4. to devote much time to Anatomy; 5. a man of great strength; 6. to fight against diseases; 7. to feel bad; 8. a true scientist; 9. a member of a scientific society; 10. still better

Б. 1. это случилось со мной; 2. бывший студент; 3. чувствовать себя взволнов­анным; 4. приобрести силу; 5. еше больше; 6. собираться сделать операцию; 7. настоящий хирург; 8. посвятить свою жизнь людям; 9. бороться за здоровье людей; 10. быть преданным своей профессии

1. it happened to me; 2. a former student; 3. to feel excited; 4. to gain strength; 5. still more; 6. to be going to perform an operation; 7. a true surgeon; 8. to devote one's life to people; 9. to fight for the health of people; 10. to be true to one's profession

Lesson 8. Lab. Work 12.

I. A. Give the words of the opposite meaning:

1. to enter the institute; 2. before; 3. to begin; 4. to last; 5. easy; 6. to miss; 7. to forget; 8. To be in good health; 9. always; 10. admission; 11. to be present; 12.late; 13. fol­lowing

1. to graduate from the Institute; 2. after; 3. to complete; 4. to finish; 5. hard; 6. to attend; 7. to remember; 8. to be ill; to be in poor health; 9. sometimes; 10. graduation;

I1. to be absent; 12. early; 13. former

B. Give the words of the close meaning:

1. to gain; 2. grown-up; 3. to become greater; 4. to be interested in; 5. to become a member of the society; 6. to be over; 7. chief; 8. to continue; 9. to read a lecture; 10. to perform; 11. several; 12. whole; 13. to come back

1. to get; 2. adult; 3. to increase; 4. to care for; 5. to join the society; 6. to finish, to end; 7. main; 8. to last; 9. to deliver a lecture; 10. to carry out; 11. some; 12. all; 13. to return

С Translate the following sentences and check your answers:

1. Научная работа требует большого количества опытов. 2. Учебный год заканчивается в июле. 3. Мы студенты младшего курса. 4. Я поступил в институт в августе. 5. Я закончу институт через несколько лет. 6. Декан обычно назначает время наших экзаменов. 7. Мы будем специалистами в области медицины. 8. После окончания института мы получим высшее образование. 9. Вчера сту­денты нашей группы провели собрание.

1. Scientific work requires a great number of experiments. 2. The academic year is over in July. 3. We are junior students. 4. I entered the Institute in August. 5. I shall graduate from the Institute in several years. 6. The dean usually fixes the time of our examinations. 7. We shall be specialists in the field of medicine. 8. We shall get a higher education after the graduation from the Institute. 9. Yesterday the students of our group held a meeting.

II. A. Translate the following sentences and check up your answers. (Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives)

1. Я знаю анатомию хорошо, он знает анатомию лучше, а она знает ее лучше всех. 2. Больной Смирнов чувствует себя плохо, больной Петров чувствует себя хуже, а этот больной чувствует себя хуже всех. 3. У этого хирурга больше опыта, чем у его молодого ассистента. 4. Эта статья содержит мало новой информации, а та статья содержит еше меньше новой информации.

1. I know Anatomy well, he knows Anatomy better, and she knows it best of all.

2. Patient Smirnov feels bad, patient Petrov feels worse and this patient feels worst of all. This surgeon has more experience than his young assistant. 4. This article contains little new information and that article contains still less new information.

B. Change the tenses according to the adverbs given in brackets:

1. He works in the field of surgery, (last year, in several years) 2. The young specialist performs numerous experiments, (several weeks ago, next month) 3. Our students hold group meetings at the end of the term, (at the end of the last term, at the end of the next term)

1. worked, will work; 2. performed; will perform; 3. held, will hold

C. Answer the following questions paying attention to the use of the tenses of
Indefinite and Continuous Groups:

I. What do you usually do after classes? 2. What does he (the one who has just an­swered) usually do after classes? 3. What are you doing? 4. What is this student doing? 5. What did you do last night? 6. What did that student do last night? 7. What were you doing yesterday from 9 a. m. till 1 p.m.? 8. What was that student doing yesterday from 9 a. m. till 1 p. m? 9. What will you do tomorrow? 10. What will that student do tomor­row? 11. What will you be doing tomorrow at 5 p. rri.? 12. What will that student be doing tomorrow at 5 p. m.?

D. Translate the following sentences and check up your answers.
(Modal Verbs)

1. Эта сестра умеет хорошо ухаживать за больными. 2. Хирург, возможно, закончит операцию скоро. 3. Студенты должны посещать все лекции регулярно. 4. Как может врач приобрести большой опыт в области хирургии? 5. Разрешите мне измерить вам температуру. 6. Люди с сердечными заболеваниями не должны много работать.

1. This nurse can care for the patients well. 2. The surgeon may complete the opera­tion soon. 3. The students must attend all the lectures regularly. 4. How can a doctor gain much experience in the field of surgery? 5. May I take your temperature? 6. People with heart diseases must not work hard.

(Impersonal Sentences)

1. Хирург знает, когда необходимо делать операцию. 2. Мой сокурсник считает, что изучать анатомию трудно, а я думаю, что легко. 3. Будет возможно приготовить вовремя все анализы, необходимые для диагноза.

1. The surgeon knows when it is necessary to perform the operation. 2. My fellow-student considers that it is difficult to study Anatomy, but I think that it is easy. 3. It will be possible to prepare in time all the analyses necessary for the diagnosis.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Why did you decide to become a doctor? 2. Do you want to be a surgeon or a therapeutist? 3. What field of medicine do you want to devote yourself to? 4. What Insti­tute did you enter to become a doctor? 5. When will you graduate from it? 6. What course are you in now? 7. What department (faculty) do you study at (in)? 8. What subjects do you study? 9. What lectures do you attend? 10. What examinations did (will) you take at the end of the first term? 11. What marks did (will) you get at these examina­tions? 12. Do you get an increased or an ordinary stipend? 13. What new subjects are you going to study in the second term? 14. What helps you to gain deep knowledge of all the subjects? 15. What scientific society did you join in the first term?

Cycle I. Topic Questions

THE COURSE OF STUDIES AT A MEDICAL INSTITUTE

1. How many years does the whole course of studies at a medical institute last? 2. What do medical students master during the course of studies? 3. When do medical students study the so-called pre-clinical subjects? 4. What subjects do the students study begin­ning from the third year? 5. What do they learn to do from the third to the fifth year? 6. What practical training do medical students have? 7. Do you remember when medical students work as doctors' assistants? 8. In what main subjects do medical students gain more experience in the 6th year (course)? 9. When do medical students get their work appointments? 10. Where do interns usually work?

YOUR FUTURE PROFESSION

1.Why did you decide to become a doctor? 2. When will you get the profession of a doctor? 3. What kind of doctor are you going to become after graduation from the Insti­tute? 4. What must you do to become a good doctor? 5. What else must a good doctor have in addition to deep knowledge of medicine? 6. What must a doctor give people? 7. What difficulties may you have in your future work? 8. What is a doctor responsible for? 9. Why must every medical student remember the words of Hippocrates Oath? 10. What does Hippocrates Oath read? 11. Why must a doctor always do his best to gain the patient's confidence? 12. What gives the doctor treat to fight for the health of people?

THE EXAMINATION SESSION

1. When will (did) your first examination session begin? 2. How many exams will (did) you take? 3. What do you usually pass before your examination session? 4. What

subjects will (did) you take exams in? 5. How must you work during the whole academic year to pass your exams successfully? 6. What marks do the students get if their knowl­edge of a particular subject is very good? 7. Who fixes the dates of your exams? 8. Why do students usually feel excited before their exams? 9. What examination do you consider the most difficult one in the first session? 10. What are you going to do after you pass the exams successfully?

Lesson 9. Lab. Work 13.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. рука — верхняя конечность; 2. соединяться суставами; 3. неорганическое вещество; 4. в середине грудной клетки; 5. скелет ребенка; 6. кости черепа; 7. ли­цевая часть: 8. в позвоночнике; 9. двенадцатое ребро; 10. поясничный позвонок

1. the arm is an upper extremity; 2. to be connected by joints; 3. inorganic substance; 4. in the middle of the chest; 5. the skeleton of a child; 6. the bones of the skull; 7. the facial part; 8. in the spinal column; 9. the twelfth rib; 10. the lumbar vertebra

Б. 1. Нога — нижняя конечность; 2. скелет взрослого; 3. соединяться с грудиной; 4. кости туловища; 5. с каждой стороны; 6. быть составленным из позвонков; 7. принять участие в конференции; 8. в правом бедре; 9. состоять из ребер; 10. быть свободным; 11,. на объединенной сессии научного общества

1. the leg is a lower extremity; 2. the skeleton of the adult; 3. to be connected with the breastbone; 4. the bones of the trunk; 5. on each side; 6. to be composed of vertebrae; 7. to take part in the conference; 8. in the right thigh; 9. to consist of ribs; 10. to be free; 11. at the joint session of the scientific society

 

II. Answer the following Questions:

1. When are you free? 2. What do you usually do when you are free? 3. What do you take an active part in at the Institute? 4. How many cycles does this English textbook consist of? 5. What do your studies at the Institute consist of? 6. What fields of science is medicine connected with? 7. What must theory always be connected with? 8. What kind of organ is the brain? 9. What do we do with our eyes? 10. What is the organ of thinking called? 11. How many teeth are there in the oral cavity of a healthy man?

Lesson 10. Lab. Work 14.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. частое дыхание; 2. медленное увеличение; 3. искусственные суставы; 4. многочисленные случаи; 5. в каком возрасте; 6. число людей; 7. вместо того, чтобы провести опыт; 8. измерить длину; 9. расти быстро; 10. применять новые методы лечения

1. rapid respiration; 2. a slow increase; 3. artificial joints; 4. numerous cases; 5. at what age; 6. the number of people; 7. instead of carrying out (performing) an experi­ment; 8. to measure the length; 9. to grow rapidly; 10. to use the new methods of treat­ment

Б. 1. медленная реакция; 2. мужчина в возрасте 50 лет; 3. искусственное дыхание; 4. применять современные методы исследования; 5. история болезни; 6. ряд статей; 7. становиться усталым (утомляться); 8. многочисленные поступ­ления в больницу; 9. при гриппе (в случае гриппа); 10. длиной в 2 см.

1. a slow reaction; 2. a man aged 50; 3. artificial respiration; 4. to use modern meth­ods of research; 5. a case history (report); 6. a number of articles; 7. to grow (get, be­come) tired; 8. numerous admissions to the hospital; 9. in case of the grippe; 10. 2 cm in length

What is

1. the long bone in the middle of the chest called? 2. the white elastic substance between the vertebrae called? 3. one of the segments composing the spinal column called? 4. the upper part of the human body called? 5. the part of the upper extremity from the shoulder to the hand called? 6. the part of the body that connects the head and the shoulders called? 7. the end of the arm called? 8. the part of the lower extremity between the thigh and the foot called? 9. the part of the leg on which one walks called? 10. the human body apart from the head and extremities called?

1. the breastbone; 2. the cartilage; 3. the vertebra; 4. the head; 5. the arm; 6. the neck; 7. the hand; 8. the leg; 9. the foot; 10. the trunk

Lesson 11. Lab. Work 15.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. широкая мышца; 2. кровеносный сосуд; 3. установить причину болезни; 4. изменить направление; 5. клетки соединительной ткани; 6. определить кровяное давление; 7. набрать в весе; 8. установить новый термин; 9. ввести систему научных исследований; 10. разделяться грудиной '

1. a wide muscle; 2. a blood vessel; 3. to determine (to establish) the cause of the disease; 4. to change the direction; 5. connective tissue cells; 6. to determine the blood pressure; 7. to gain weight; 8. to establish a new term; 9. to introduce a system of re­searches; 10. to be divided by the breastbone

Б. 1. определить функцию мышц; 2. потерять в весе; 3. ввести новый метод лечения; 4. обнаружить инородное тело; 5. изменение стенок кровеносных сосудов; 6. делиться на три основные группы; 7. в соответствии с направлением; 8. сокращение мыши; 9. широкая кость; 10. основать новую теорию

1. to determine the function of the muscles; 2. to lose weight; 3. to introduce a new method of treatment; 4. to find out a foreign body; 5. the change of blood vessel walls; 6. to be divided into three basic groups; 7. according to the direction; 8. the contraction of muscles; 9. a wide bone; 10. to found a new theory

Lesson 13. Lab. Work 17.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. внутренние органы; 2. внутри сердечных камер; 3. пациент мужчина (женщина); 4. густая кровь; 5. переносить (передавать) болезнь; 6. расширенные кровеносные сосуды; 7. верхушка сердца; 8. волокнистая оболочка; 9. легочная система; 10. воротная вена

1. inner organs; 2. within the heart chambers; 3. the male (the female) patient; 4. thick blood; 5. to carry a disease; 6. dilated blood vessels; 7. the heart apex; 8. a fibrous coat; 9. the pulmonary system; 10. the portal vein

Б. 1. сокращения сердца; 2. у входа в левый желудочек; 3. отдельные позвонки; 4. легкое и печень; 5. грудная полость; 6. состоять из двух камер; 7. располагаться в околосердечной сумке; 8. клапаны предсердия; 9. толстые стенки левого же­лудочка; 10. заключаться в малом круге кровообращения

1. heart contractions; 2. at the entrance to the left ventricle; 3. separate vertebrae; 4. the lung and the liver; 5. the thoracic cavity; 6. to consist of two chambers; 7. to be located in the pericardium; 8. the valves of the atrium; 9. the thick walls of the left ven­tricle; 10. to be included in the pulmonary system

Lesson 14. Lab. Work 18.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. емкость дыхания; 2. побледнеть; 3. покрывать легкие плеврой; 4. по верх­нему слою; 5. границы сердца; 6. грубая пища; 7. простираться во всех направ­лениях; 8. разнообразить диету; 9. соответствующая форма; 10. над уровнем пер­вого ребра

1. respiratory capacity; 2. to become pale; 3. to cover the lungs'with the pleura; 4. over the upper layer; 5. the heart borders=the borders of the heart; 6. heavy food; 7. to

extend in all directions; 8. to vary the diet; 9. a proper shape; 10. above the level of the first rib

Б. 1. дыхательный тракт; 2. младенец очень бледен; 3. жизненная емкость легк­их; 4. Закрыть глаза руками; 5. тонкий (толстый) слой; 6. определить границы печени; 7. тяжелый вес; 8. простираться вверх; 9. разнообразить методы лечения; 10. надлежащий цвет

1. the respiratory tract; 2. the infant is very pale; 3. the vital capacity of the lungs; 4. to cover the eyes with one's hands; 5. a thin (thick) layer; 6. to determine the borders of the liver; 7. a heavy weight; 8. to extend upward; 9. to vary the methods of treatment; 10.a proper colour

10. Use the necessary form of the participle of the verbs given in brackets:

1. The lung has the apex (to extend) some centimetres above the level of the first rib.

2. The two lungs (to separate) by the mediastinum are included in the thoracic cavity.

3. The heart chambers (to divide) by the septum form two separate parts. 4. The heart
(to contract) and (to dilate) all the time makes regular beats.

1. extending; 2. separated; 3. divided; 4. contracting; dilating HI. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the shape of the lungs? 2rWhat is the vital capacity of the lungs? 3. What colour are the lungs in adults? 4. Why is the right lung heavier than the left one? 5. Where does the apex of the lung extend? 6. Where are the posterior borders of the lungs located?

7. Why may a man become pale? 8. Whom do we call an infant? 9. What mark may you get if your answers are proper? 10. What do your classes at the Institute vary from your school lessons?

Lesson 15. Lab. Work 19.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. откройте рот; 2. нижняя часть желудка; 3. обложенный язык; 4. тонкий кишечник; 5. по артериям; 6. измерять температуру; 7. пищеварительный тракт; 8. твердое нёбо; 9. слепая кишка; 10. в средней части пищевода

1. open your mouth; 2. the lower portion of the stomach; 3. a coated tongue; 4. the small intestine; 5. through the arteries; 6. to measure (to take) the temperature; 7. the alimentary tract; 8. the hard palate; 9. the ceacum; 10. in the middle portion of the esophagus

Б. 1. во рту 32 зуба; 2. верхняя часть желудка; 3. покажите мне ваш язык;

4. толстый кишечник; 5. через пищевод; 6. ниже ободочной кишки; 7. Болезни поджелудочной железы; 8. слюнные железы; 9. измерять длину; 10. Мягкая пища

1. there are 32 teeth in the mouth; 2. the upper portion of the stomach; 3. show me your tongue: 4. the large intestine; 5i through the esophagus; 6. below the colon; 7. the diseases of the pancreas; 8. salivary glands; 9. to measure the length; 10. soft food

II. Say instead of what words the substitutes "one", "ones", "that", "those" are used:

1. The right lung is heavier than the left one. 2. As a rule the bones of the lower extremities are longer than those of the upper ones. 3. The histologic structure of the hard palate is not the same as that of the soft one.

1. lung; 2. the bones; extremities; 3. the structure; palate

HI. Answer the following questions:

1. Where is the tongue located? 2. What cavity is the brain located in? 3. Is the liver located in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under or above the diaphragm? 4. What organ is located in the lower and central portions of the abdominal and pelvic cavities? 5. Is the stomach located in the abdominal cavity under or above the diaphragm? 6. When was the discovery of the atomic energy made? 7. What is the exact number of
cervical vertebrae in the human body? 8. What work did the great Russian scientist Pirogov publish in 1851-1854? 9. Does Anatomy or Physiology describe the functions of the organs of the human body? 10. In case of what disease is the tongue coated?

Lesson 16. Lab. Work 20.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. состоять из костей; 2. чувствовать боль в боку; 3. провести исследования; 4. ряд научных открытий; 5. меняться в весе; 6. хорошее состояние здоровья;

7. внутри брюшной полости; 8. реберный промежуток; 9. простираться над уровнем 5-го ребра; 10. задний отдел желудка

1. to be composed of bones (to consist of bones); 2. to feel pain in the side; 3. to carry Out researches; 4. a number of scientific discoveries; 5. to change weight; 6. a good con­dition of health; 7. within the abdominal cavity; 8. costal interspace; 9. to extend above the level of the fifth rib; 10. the posterior portion of the stomach

Б. 1, с каждой стороны груди; 2. число опубликованных научных статей; 3. направление волокон; 4. пучок нервов; 5. включить в статью новые данные; 6. меняться в цвете; 7. через стенки сосудов; 8. длинные трубки; 9. в середине туловища; 10. вместо того, чтобы расширяться

1. on each side of the chest; 2. the number of the published scientific articles; 3. the direction of fibers; 4. a band of nerves; 5. to include new findings into the article; 6. to vary in colour; 7. through the walls of the vessels; 8. long tubes; 9. in the middle of the trunk; 10, instead of dilating

Give the words of the opposite meaning;

1. natural; 2. to connect; 3. to find; 4. to live; 5. near; 6. strong; 7. origin; 8. thick;

9. outer; 10. the dilate; 11. an infant; 12. left; 13. light; 14. above; 15. the soft palate

1. artificial; 2. to separate; 3. tp lose; 4. to die; 5. far; 6. weak; 7. end; 8. thin; 9. inner;

10. to contract; 11. an adult; 12. right; 13. heavy; 14. below; 15. the hard palate

II. Translate the following:

(Passive Voice of the Indefinite Tenses)

1. Его здоровье было восстановлено после надлежащего лечения. 2. Окраска легких меняется с возрастом. 3. Будут ли новые научные изыскания в области строения тканей проведены в будущем месяце?

1. His health was restored after a proper treatment. 2. The colour of the lungs is changed with age. 3. Will new researches in the field of the structure of tissues be carried on next month?

(Present and Past Participles)

1. Легкое, состоящее из долей, покрыто плеврой. 2. Обложенный язык является симптомом какого-либо заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта. 3. Печень, расположенная в правой верхней части брюшной полости, является самой боль­шой железой в организме человека. 4. Определяя строение любого внутреннего органа, мы лучше узнаем его функции.

1. The lung consisting of lobes is covered with the pleura. 2. A coated tongue is the symptom of some disease of the alimentary tract. 3. The liver located in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity is the largest gland in the human body. 4. Determining the structure of any inner organ we learn better its functions.

(The Functions of the Infinitive)

1. The students came to the dissecting-room to dissect a corpse. 2. To become a good surgeon you must know human anatomy well. 3. Andreus Vesalius was the first to de­scribe anatomy as an exact science. 4. Prof. P. F. Lesgaft studied the structure of the muscles to determine their nature.

1.... чтобы препарировать...; 2. чтобы стать...; 3.... кто описал...; 4.... чтобы определить....

 

Cycle II. Topic Questions

the skeleton

1. What kind of bones compose the skull? 2. What kind of bones does the trunk consist of? 3. What kind of vertebrae compose the neck? 4. What is the chest composed of? 5. How many ribs are connected with the breastbone on each side of the chest? 6. Which ribs are free? 7. What is each rib composed of? 8. What extremities are con­nected with the trunk by the pelvis? 9. What does the lower extremity consist of? 10. What connects the upper extremity with the trunk? 11. What parts is the upper extremity formed by?

THE SKULL

1. What is the main part of the head and face called? 2. How many bones is the skull composed of? 3. What parts of the skull do all these bones form? 4. What are the bones of the skull connected with? 5. How are the bones of the skull connected together? 6. How many cavities are there in the skull? What cavities are they? 7. What is the large cavity of the skull called? 8. What organ is in the cranial cavity? 9. What is there in the orbits?

THE LECTURE ON MUSCLES

1. At what Congresses were the names Of all the muscles and all other anatomical terms established? 2. When was the Basel Nomina Anatomica introduced? 3. What ana­tomical terms are used in our country? 4. When were the universal anatomical terms of the Paris Nomina Anatomica established? 5. How many skeletal muscles is our body composed of? 6. How many per cent of the body weight do the muscles form in the adult? 7. What three basic groups of muscles do you know? 8. What are the muscles formed by? 9. What are the muscular fibers connected together by? 10. What main role do the muscles perform in the body?

PROF. LESGAFT'S SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

1. Who was P. F. Lesgaft? 2. When was he born? 3. What Academy did he graduate from? 4. When was P. F. Lesgaft given the Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Surgery? 5. What field of science did Prof. P. F. Lesgaft work out first? 6. What is one of his main works called? 7. What basic groups did Prof. P. F. Lesgaft divide the muscles into? 8. What difference did Prof. P. F. Lesgaft establish between the static and dynamic muscles? 9. What Russian scientist continued Lesgaft's studies on static and dynamic muscles? 10. What did she determine by her experiments on animals?

THE HEART AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

1. Where is the heart located? 2. Where is the base of the heart located? 3. Does the heart consist of two separate or connected chambers? 4. What are the two separate cham­bers of the heart divided by? 5. What are the atria separated by from the ventricles? 6. What vessels dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart? 7. What organ is included in the pericardium? 8. What is the weight of the heart? 9. What groups of vessels does the vascular system consist of? 10. What vascular system do the vessels carrying blood to and from the tissues of the body compose? 11. What system do the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs compose?

THE LUNGS

1. What main organs of the respiratory system do you know? 2. Where are the lungs located? 3. What are the lungs separated by from each other? 4. What are the lungs covered with? 5. What is the weight of the lungs in the adult male? 6. What vital capacity have the lungs in the male and in the female? 7. How many lobes do the right and the left lungs consist of? 8. What colour are the lungs in infants? 9. What is the structure of the lung?

THEAORTA

1. What vessel is the main one in the general system? 2. Where does, the aorta begin? 3. Where does the aorta extend? 4. What is the aorta called on its way from the fifth thoracic vertebra to about the level of the last thoracic one? 5. Where does the abdomi­nal aorta extend? 6. Where does the aorta finish? 7. What arteries is the aorta divided into at the border of the fourth lumber vertebra?

TH E ALIM ENTARY TRACT

1. Where does the alimentary tract extend? 2. What does the alimentary tract consist of? 3. What important structures are there in the oral cavity? 4. Where is the stomach located? 5. What is the length and capacity of the stomach? 6. Where is the small intes­tine located and what is it composed of? 7. What is the large intestine divided into? 8. What gland is the largest one in human body? Where is it located? 9. What organ is located within the abdominal cavity on the lower surface of the liver? 10. What organ is located in the abdominal cavity under and behind the stomach?

NEW INVESTIGATIONS ON THE VASCULAR STRUCTURE OF THE HEART

1. What great scientists did much to study the structure of the human body? 2. In what century did anatomy become an exact science? 3. What and when did Seraphima Samoilova begin to study? 4. Why did S. Samoilova begin to study this particular struc­ture of the heart? 5. What conclusion did S. Samoilova come to? 6. What causes (pro­duces) the changes in the structure of the heart as a band of vessels? 7. What book did S. Samoilova include into all the findings of her research work? 8. When was this book published? 9. What does this book help surgeons to perform?

Lesson 17, Lab. Work 21.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. затянувшаяся болезнь; 2. при физическом напряжении; 3. соблюдать курс лечения; 4. 72 удара в минуту; 5. выписать больного из больницы; 6. оп­ределить частоту пульса; 7. нагнетать кровь по сосудам; 8. зависеть от изменений; 9. направить кровь на анализ; 10. волна сокращений сердечной мышцы

1. a prolonged disease; 2. on physical exertion; 3. to follow a course of treatment; 4. seventy two beats per minute; 5. to discharge a patient from the hospital; 6. to deter­mine the pulse rate; 7. to pump blood through vessels; 8. to depend on the changes; 9. to send the blood for analysis^,! CLlhe-wave of contractions of the cardiac muscle

Б. 1. оценить роль желудочков; 2. продлить лечение; 3. определить частоту дыхания; 4. выбрасывать кровь из левого желудочка; 5. служить в качестве главного насоса; 6. и легкие и сердце; 7. значительные изменения в крови; 8. ле­гочный круг кровообращения; 9. зубец электрокардиограммы; 10. биться регу­лярно (ритмично)

1. to estimate the role of the ventricles; 2. to prolong the treatment; 3. to determine the respiratory rate; 4. to discharge out the blood from the left ventricle; 5. to serve as the main pump; 6. both the lungs and the heart; 7. considerable changes in the blood; 8. the pulmonary circulation; 9. the wave of the electrocardiogram; 10. to beat regularly

Lesson 17. Lab. Work 22.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

1. доставить больного в больницу; 2. нагнетать артериальную кровь в аорту; 3. измерить кровяное давление; 4. насыщать кислородом клетки ткани; 5. вы­делять углекислый газ; 6. поглощать кислород; 7. соблюдать диету; 8. общий вес тела; 9. период покоя; 10. определить число клеток

1. to bring a patient to the hospital; 2. to pump arterial blood into the aorta; 3. to measure (to take) the blood pressure; 4, to oxygenate the cells of the tissues; 5. to dis­charge out carbon dioxide; 6. to take in oxygen; 7. to follow a diet; 8. the total body weight; 9. the period of rest; 10. to estimate the number of cells

II. Translate the following and check it up.
(Present Perfect)

1. Врач только что определил частоту дыхания у этого больного. 2. Ученые уже описали анатомическое строение сердца в ряде работ. 3. Моя сестра находится в хорошем состоянии с тех пор, как врач выписал ее из больницы. 4. Вы когда-нибудь измеряли кровяное давление?

1. The doctor has just determined this patient's respiratory rate (the respiratory rate in this patient). 2. Scientists have already described he anatomical structure of the heart in a number of works. 3. My sister has been in good state since the doctor discharged her from the hospital. 4. Have you ever taken (measured) the blood pressure?

(Past Perfect)

1. Хирург сказал студентам, что он сделал операцию этому больному два дня тому назад. 2. Мы обратили внимание на то, что изменения крови произошли за несколько дней до начала заболевания. 3. Сестра измерила мне температуру до того, как врач начал обследовать меня.

1. The surgeon said to the students that he had performed the operation on this patient two days before. 2. We paid attention that the changes in the blood had occurred several days before the beginning of the disease. 3. The nurse had taken (measured) my temperature before the doctor began to examine me.

L«sson 18. Lab. Work 23.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. делать (проводить) подсчет клеток крови; 2. объем крови; 3. средняя температура; 4. глубокий сон; 5. 0,45 литра жидкости; 6. вообще считается; 7. существовать без кислорода; 8. температура колеблется от... до; 9. основные (главные) особенности этого метода; 10. в среднем

1. to do (make) smb's blood count; 2. the blood volume; 3. an average temperature;

4. a sound sleep; 5. ft.45 liters of fluid; 6. it is generally considered; 7. to exist without oxygen; 8. the temperature ranges from... to; 9. the main features of this method; 10. On an average

Б. 1. тонкий слой жидкости; 2. вообще говоря; 3. подсчитать число белых кровяных клеток; 4. в пределах; 5. физикальные особенности; 6. в среднем составлять; 7. психическое состояние; 8. легкая пища; 9. различия пола; 10. объем кровяной пластинки

1. a thin layer of fluid; 2. generally speaking; 3. to count the number of white blood cells; 4. within the range; 5. physical features; 6. to average; 7. the mental state; 8. mild meal; 9. sex differences; 10. the volume of the platelet

Lesson 19. Lab. Work 24.

I. Translate the following and check up your answers:

A. 1. быстро появиться; 2. н<